Download Unit C UA pt B - LD Industries

5/11/2009
Science 20 Unit C – Earth:
Unit Assignment pt B
Name: __________
Date: __________
Use the following map to answer the following questions:
1. The diagram above shows the outermost layer of the Earth, broken up by a solid black line.
a) List the 5 layers of the Earth and indicate which layer is the layer shown broken up above.
(2 marks)
Surface:
_______________________
parts of the crust
_______________________
Centre:
_______________________
The layer shown broken in
the diagram is the
_______________________
____________________.
_______________________
b) What is represented by the solid black lines? (1 mark)
c) Name two different natural phenomenons that are often found along this solid black line. (1
mark)
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5/11/2009
Use the following information to answer the next question:
2. The San Andreas Fault is a famous fault line located in California. The
region of California is known for its frequent earthquakes. It is important to
wear a jacket when studying these faults, even though you are in the middle
of the desert.
a) Describe the process occurring along the fault line that lead to an
earthquake. (1 mark)
b) There are three types of faults: normal, reverse and strike-slip fault. In a strike-slip fault,
plates move horizontally to one another. In normal and reverse faults, the plates move vertically
one overtop of another. Draw a diagram of this type of fault and name the process of the more
dense plate moving beneath the less dense plate. (2 marks)
This process is called: _________________.
3. The movement of the fault can cause an earthquake, as shown below.
Write a definition for each feature of the earthquake below: (1 mark each)
A - __________________
Defn:
B - ___________________
Defn:
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5/11/2009
C- ____________________
Defn:
4. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank space
given. (0.5 marks each)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
fault
epicentre
subduction
focus
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
P-wave
S-wave
amplitude
Richter magnitude
________ - maximum displacement of a wave from the rest position
________ - the region that first breaks along a fault during an earthquake
________ - the downturning of one crustal plate under another
________ - a seismic wave that travels through rock as a series of crests and troughs
________ - a crack in Earth’s crust due to the motion of one tectonic plate relative to another
________ - a number assigned to an earthquake based on the amount of vertical ground motion
at its epicentre
________ - a seismic wave that travels through rock as a series of compressions and expansions
of particles
________ - the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus
Use the following diagram to answer next question.
5. The location of an earthquake epicentre can be found
by triangulation. Determine the location of the
epicentre of this earthquake. (1 mark)
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5/11/2009
6. Seismic wave shadow zones are found when seismic waves from earthquakes are detected on
the opposite side of the globe from the epicenter.
a) What is a shadow zone? (1 mark)
b) What kind of waves, (P-waves or S-waves) create shadow zones? (1 mark)
c) What is the study of shadow zones useful for determining? (1 mark)
7. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank space
given: (0.5 marks each)
i.
ii.
fossil
fossilization
iii.
iv.
trace fossil
shale
________ - evidence in a rock of an organism’s presence
________ - evidence of or remains of ancient life preserved in Earth’s crust
________ - the process by which any trace of the existence of life is preserved within rock
________ - a common type of sedimentary rock formed from the deposition of layers of fine silt
and clay particles
8. The following statements describe the process of creating a seismogram by using explosives
and recording equipment.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Geophones convert seismic waves to electric signals.
Explosives generate waves that travel through the rock.
Electric signals are processed by a computer.
Waves reflect off boundaries of rock layers and return to the surface.
To produce a seismogram, the correct order of the statements is: (1 mark)
____, ____, ____, ____
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5/11/2009
9. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank space
given. (0.5 marks each)
i.
ii.
iii.
petroleum trap
drill core
reef
iv.
v.
vi.
seismograph
seismogram
seismic
________ - relating to waves that travel through Earth as a result of explosions or earthquakes
________ - a large concentration of petroleum confined between layers of impermeable shale
________ - an instrument that records seismic waves
________ - a submerged ridge of rock, sand, or coral that rises to the surface
________ - a cylindrical sample of subsurface rock taken for analysis during drilling operations
________ - a record of seismic waves provided by a seismograph
10. Describe how seismic waves can be used to determine the location of petroleum far beneath
the surface. Use a diagram in your response. (2 marks)
11. Describe two features suggesting that the continents of South America and Africa were once
part of the same land mass. (2 marks)
12. One theory suggests that the dominance of grasses came about in Alberta in the late Tertiary
Period because of the ability of hoofed animals to digest cellulose. Explain this theory. (2
marks)
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5/11/2009
13. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank space
given. (0.5 marks each)
i.
ii.
iii.
continental ice sheet
glacier
mountain glacier
iv.
v.
vi.
calving
Wisconsin Glaciation
ice-core data
________ - a large river of ice that forms on land and moves under the influence of gravity
________ - a process in which a portion of an iceberg breaks away from the main ice sheet
________ - a very large glacier, often more than 1 km in depth, that forms in polar regions
________ - a glacier that forms in mountainous regions at high elevations
________ - information gathered from ice samples extracted from drilling into an ice sheet
________ - the last glaciation period
14. Describe three different kinds of evidence of glacial action in Alberta. (2 marks)
15. Evidence in rock strata from around the world indicates that the average current global
temperature compared to the average global temperature during most of Earth’s history has
changed. Describe this change, and indicate by approximately how much the average
temperature has varied. (1 mark)
16. Many European countries have warmer climates than Canada, even though they are as far or
farther North on the globe. Give an explanation for this observation. (2 marks)
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5/11/2009
17. There are six explanations for the climate change recorded in ice-core samples. List the six
theories and briefly explain each (1 mark each)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
18. Explain how global warming can melt the Greenland Ice Sheet but cause a cooling effect on
Europe’s climate. (2 marks)
Bonus Questions: Answer only ONE!!
Fair Bonus Question: How long is an eon?
Unfair Bonus Question: In the movie The Core, how did the adventurers find their way out of the core of the Earth?
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