Download KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS

KINGDOM
PLANTAE
Tissues, Structures,
Classification and Tropisms
Plant Tissues
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Dermal: outermost layer
on leaves and stems;
covered with a waxy
layer called the cuticle to
prevent water loss
Vascular: used for
transport
Ground: photosynthetic
cells, support cells, and
all other cells that are not
dermal or vascular
Xylem and Phloem

Xylem:
Made up of dead cells
 Carries water and minerals
 Transport is unidirectional from root to stems to
leaves
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Phloem:
Made up of living cells
 Carries sugar
 Transport is bidirectional (leaves to stems, stems to
leaves, roots to stems, stems to roots)
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Plant Structures—NonReproductive
1.
Roots:
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2 types—taproot and fibrous root
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Taproots anchor tall plants and are important
when water is not abundant

Protected by the root cap
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Usually the part of the plant that grows below
the surface of the soil and anchors the plant
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Can store food

Absorb water and minerals
Root Cap
2.
Stems:
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Support leaves and flowers
Can function to store food (ex: potato is
an underground stem)
Transport water and nutrients within the
plant
Node: place where leaves attach to stems
3.
Leaves:
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Common features of leaves include:
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Blade: flat, broad section of the leaf
Petiole: short stalk that connects the
blade to the stem
Veins: carry water, minerals and sugar
Dermal tissue of leaves contain stomata,
openings that allow carbon dioxide to
enter and oxygen & water to leave

The stoma is surrounded by guard cells
which control the opening and closing of
the stoma

Leaves are the organs where
photosynthesis occurs
4. Structures Found in Multiple Locations:
 Cambium:
 found between the xylem and the phloem
 it is responsible for making vascular tissue
 Chloroplast:
 structure where photosynthesis
takes place
Plant Structures—Reproductive
1.
Male Reproductive Parts:
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Called the stamen
Made up of the anther (produces pollen)
and the filament (supports the anther)
2.
Female Reproductive Parts
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Called the pistil
Made up of the stigma (the pollen lands here)
the style (connects the stigma and the ovary)
and the ovary (makes ovules)
3.
Sterile Parts
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Petals: brightly colored parts of the flower
Sepals: green, leaf-like structures that support the
flower and protect the bud before the flower
blooms
Plant Classification

Botanists divide the plant kingdom into
four groups based on three key features:
The presence of vascular tissue
 The presence of seeds
 The location of seeds

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The four groups are:
Nonvascular plants--mosses
 Vascular seedless plants--ferns
 Gymnosperms (seeds in cones)--pines
 Angiosperms (flowering plants)
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Tropisms
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Tropisms are responses by plants to
environmental stimuli
Examples:
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Thigmotropism: a plant’s response to
touch (i.e. vines wrap around a trellis or
Venus fly trap captures an insect)
Phototropism: a plant’s response to
light (i.e. plant’s grow towards a
window)
Tropisms (cont.)

Gravitropism: a plant’s response
to gravity
stem’s show negative gravitropism
since they grow against the force of
gravity
 root’s show positive gravitropism
since they grow with the force of
gravity
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