Download • Any living thing is an organism.

• Any living thing is an organism.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The
The
The
The
ability
ability
ability
ability
to
to
to
to
(If it does not have all of the above
than it is not considered living.)
• List five necessities (things you cannot
live without)
Share your list with the person next to
you. Between the two of you decide
which five from your list are the most
important.
Yours might be…
• Cell phone
• Friends
• Family
• Clothes
• Food??
For all Living
Things …
Example - Your home:
• Food & Water = Kitchen
• Shelter = Roof & Walls
• Light = Sun & Electricity
• Oxygen= Air & Air Vents
Why do different organisms live in
different habitats?
Organisms live in different
habitats because they have
different requirements for
survival.
Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors
Abiotic
Biotic
All of the living
things in an
ecosystem
All of the nonliving things in
an ecosystem.
Example – plants,
animals, bacteria
Example – dirt,
sun, wind, snow,
water, etc.
Food, shelter, water, sunlight, and
oxygen.
Any living thing is an organism.
• Biotic and
abiotic factors
go together.
• Organisms
interact with
abiotic factors
to survive.
• First, identify the
type of factor by
writing its name
under the label
abiotic or biotic.
• Write a short
description
explaining how
four of the factors
interact with one
another on the
lines below.
1. Nocturnal thing
thing
2. Living thing
3. Non-living
4. Organism
Types of ecosystems that are similar
across the planet.
• Tropical Rainforest
• Temperate Rainforest
•Warm all year
•Cool winter
•Rain all year (200-450cm) •Warm summer
• Organisms:
•Rain all year (75-150cm)
Orangutans, Chimps,
• Organisms : deer,
Toucans
foxes
Desert
Tundra
• Usually hot with daily
• Cold all year
extremes
• Dry all year (less than 25cm)
• Temp. drops more than
• Permafrost – frozen ground
20 degrees at night
• Organisms: mosses, polar
• Dry all year (less than
25cm)
• Organisms: Coyotes,
cacti, bats
bears
Deciduous
• Warm Summers; cool
winters
• Moderate rainfall (30 –
60cm)
• Leaves change color
• Organisms: red fox,
squirrels, raccoons
Taiga (Boreal)
• Warm to cool
• Cold in winter
• Abundant rain and
snow (30 – 60cm)
• Organisms: lynx,
coniferous trees
• Temperatures vary
throughout the year
•Mostly dry with a wet
season (50 – 90 cm)
•Organisms: quail,
pica, bison, foxes
•Rivers, streams, lakes,
•
ponds
•Estuaries = where rivers •
meet oceans
• Freshwater and salt
water mix
(Marshes and wetlands)
Costal ocean, open
ocean, deep oceans
Beaches are included
•Tide pools
Organisms depend on
which part of ocean
they live
How energy travels
• passed from one organism
to another by eating
•lost by heat
•enters by sunlight
(photosynthesis)
•Three roles: Producer,
Consumer, Decomposer
• Make their own food by photosynthesis
•Plants, algae, bacteria
• CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT = O2 + SUGARS
Obtain energy from eating
others
• Three types:
•Herbivores – eat plants only
•Carnivores – eat only animals
• Scavengers – carnivores that
eat dead animals others kill
•Omnivores – eat both plants
and animals
• Break down wastes and dead organisms
• Includes: mushrooms, some bacteria,
maggots
• Always starts with the
sun
• Then a producer (plant)
• Then a herbivore (1st
consumer)
• Next, a carnivore (2nd
consumer)
• Each level gets 10% of
energy remaining
Producers
Consumers
Decomposer
• Use the list of organisms given to you
• Organize them into a food web
• Draw a sketch of each organism and
color the sketches
• Use arrows to show energy transfer
• Indicate which organisms are producers,
consumers, or decomposers
•Also, label consumers as herbivores,
carnivores, or omnivores
Requirements
Title
Energy Arrows
(show
transfer correctly)
Energy Role Labels
(producers, consumers,
decomposers)
Consumer Labels
(herbivores, carnivores,
scavengers, omnivores)
Illustrations
Key
(easy to read)
Color/Neatness
Excellent (5)
Present (3)
None (0)
•What is the original source of
energy in most ecosystems?
•The sun (sunlight). A few
exceptions are the bottom of
the oceans and caves.
Sorting out life
•
•
•
•
Organism – Any living thing.
Individual – One single organism.
Species – One kind of organism.
Population – All the individuals of one kind in
one area.
• Community – All the interacting species in one
area.
• Ecosystem – Abiotic and biotic factors living in
one area.
• Biotic - living Abiotic - Non-living
You will now work with your table in groups of
three to sort the cards given to you into
categories. (create stacks using the labels in
the bag.)
How organisms interact
using adaptations.
1) Competition – fighting for
resources
2) Predation- hunting for food
3) Symbiosis – close beneficial
connection
Competition
•Adaptations = result
• developing
“specialized”
structures or
conditions that aide
in survival
• Reduce competition
• allowing for more
variation
Predation
• Predator – adapts to
help catch prey
• Prey – adapts to
blend in or scare
predators away
Niche – the role an
organism plays
EX. Sea turtle in ocean
as prey
1) False coloring – has
similar colors to another
organism
2) Mimicry – looks like
another organism
3) Camouflage – blends in
with surroundings
1) Warning colors –
bright colors to
scare
2) Protective Coverings
– a shell protects
• Behavioral Adaptations =
when organisms change
their behavior
• Ex. Meerkats have sentries
to warn of predators
nearby.
Remember:
adaptations
help an
organism obtain
the five
necessities for
life.
Deep Ocean
• Sea spider
• Featherlike legs keep from
sinking and trap food
• Sawtooth eel
• Hangs upright to sneak up on
prey
• Dumbo octopus
• Flaps fins to move preserving
energy
• Vampire squid
• Confuses predators with
bioluminescent bacteria lights
Tundra
• Polar bear
• Paw width helps to swim
• Claws obtain
food/protection
• Teeth protect
• Cunning/strength protect
and get food
• Walrus
•
•
•
•
Tusks protect
Thick hide protection
Herd together protection
Powerful muscles
• Mutualism – both organisms benefit
•Ex. Bee and flowers
• Commensalism – one organism
benefits, the other is unharmed
•Ex. Sharks and rays
• Parasitism – One organism benefits,
the other is harmed
•Ex. Tick (parasite), dog (host)
Commensalism
•
• Slime mold
•Helps to
remove dead
and decaying
organisms
does not harm
Parasitism
Mutualism
Ants/fungi
•Pitcher
•Kills ants feeds plant/red
crab spider
the fungi
• Plant traps
•Keeps insect
prey with
populations
waxy sides
under control
and water
(limiting
factor)
• Spider
shares prey
with plant
Clownfish - Anemone
Commensalism – the clownfish gets shelter,
the anemone is not harmed or helped.
Human introduced nonnative species that have
taken over
• Species introduced by humans
to an area that they don’t
belong in
• Example – Kudzu plant – US
(southern states)
• Origin – Japan – transported
with plants
• Ruin composition of soil
preventing forest regrowth
•News clip
• What is an invasive
species?
• Why are invasive
species a problem?
• What can we do to
protect our
environment from
future invasive
species?
Pets released
How ecosystems change over
time.
You and your team will attempt to complete a
puzzle inside the space designated as fast as
possible.
•You must stay inside the space.
• You must avoid touching others
• You must be a good sport
Be ready to discuss the results with the class.
• Births
• Deaths
•Immigration –
Moving into an area
•Emigration- moving
out of an area
emigrate
immigrate
Limiting Factors – anything that prevents a
population from getting too large
Abiotic
Biotic
• water
• food
• competition
• weather
• disease
• space
• natural disaster
Carrying Capacity - The largest amount of a
population that an environment can support.
http://www.census.gov/popclock/
•
Without limiting factors, populations
can grow to numerous amounts. They
can get so big that their habitats will
no longer be able to support their
numbers.