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Download Introduction Definition Factors Affecting Soil Formation How can we
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SOIL Introduction Definition Factors Affecting Soil Formation How can we conserve soil? SOIL Soil is the base of the terrestrial life supporting system It is a fragile resource which can be easily damaged by human activity It must be conserved and treated with care Definition of soil Soil is the mixture of disintegrated rock material comprising mineral product together with decayed organic material and living organisms Factors affecting soil formation Weathering Breaking down and decomposition of rocks due to effect of sun, rain and wind is called weathering The colour, structure , mineral content in soil is formed due to it Climate Without climate weathering cannot take place. Climate has different effects on different types of rocks Climate can be regarded as the most dominant factor in soil formation Biomass The decomposition of organic matter gives humus and bacteria to do the activity of mixing and shifting of soil materials The decayed matter also increases chemical action and lends colour and texture to soil Topography It includes slop as well as the direction with respect to sunshine and winds Gentle slopes favour soil formation, while steep slopes lead to soil erosion CONSERVATION OF SOIL Afforestation The humus in soil is a substance obtained from plant and animal remains Therefore, planting of trees, shrubs, grasses provided base for forming humus Farming techniques Terrace farming Wide flat rows are made in step-like manner. Terrace hold rain water and prevent soil from getting washed down the slope Farming techniques Contour ploughingfarmers plough across a slope along the line of the field in circular manner Mulching It is covering of bare ground between plants, with a layer of organic matter like straw to retain soil moisture Contour Barriers It is the using of stone, grass, to build barriers along contours ROCK DAM Rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water Inter cropping Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash Shelter Belts Rows of trees are planted in coastal and dry regions, to check the wind movement and to protect soil cover Made By Ms. Farhana Moollan