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Erosion and Sediment Control - International Erosion Control
Erosion and Sediment Control - International Erosion Control

... Sediment control measures aim to trap and retain sediment displaced by up-slope erosion processes. ...
Read the e-book - KIS - University of Saskatchewan
Read the e-book - KIS - University of Saskatchewan

... As far back as the early 1900s, soil scientists understood that soil fertility would decline over time as a result of tillage.2 For the most part farmers did not share this understanding; for them, the soil was a rich resource that they could not contemplate ever depleting or degrading. As well, for ...
Reduced Tillage Systems for Heavy Coastal Clay Soils
Reduced Tillage Systems for Heavy Coastal Clay Soils

... high clay contents, are difficult to cultivate and require several passes of the implement to produce a suitable seed bed. In addition, a significant proportion of these soils have swelling and high water retention properties, which can further curtail land preparation activities and extend the re-e ...
Manure Management in the (Sub-)Tropics - Wageningen UR E
Manure Management in the (Sub-)Tropics - Wageningen UR E

... income. Major differences are caused by differences in: applied manure types and doses, nutrient contents, used crops (and varieties), agro-ecological circumstances, combinations with inorganic fertilizers, soil ...
Backyard Magic
Backyard Magic

... compost, so try for lots of variety to get a good mix of textures and plant nutrients. In composting jargon, woody materials that are high in carbon (autumn leaves, paper, peat moss, sawdust, cornstalks, hay and straw, etc.) are called “brown” ingredients. Materials like garden refuse, manure, tea a ...
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE VALUES pH, V AND S (HUMUS
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE VALUES pH, V AND S (HUMUS

... of 15 humus soils with widely varying humus*content (50,0 % —6,7 %)have been determined. The pH varies from 7,0 to 3,3; the V from 36,0 to 0,9 and the S(humus) from 214—6 (Table I). 2. There is a relation between the three values pH, V and S(humus), which is still more clearly seen in the three curv ...
A developed procedure for predicting the risk of liquefaction: A case
A developed procedure for predicting the risk of liquefaction: A case

... Due to the variety and heterogeneity of existing deposits in Rasht city on the surface and at different depths, the best way to evaluate the characteristics of liquefaction in the city is by data collection. For this purpose, conducted reports and geotechnical studies in Rasht city on construction p ...
Organic Production Systems Guidelines
Organic Production Systems Guidelines

... The information presented in this report aims to provide conventional growers, unfamiliar with organic farming and certification, sufficient detail to consider the various changes that may be required to current farming practices when assessing the feasibility of conversion to an organic system. The ...
Traditional agroforestry in the eastern Himalayan region
Traditional agroforestry in the eastern Himalayan region

... Abstract: Large scale land use transition for maximizing the benefits to meet the rising demands for food and other ecosystem services for the well being of the societies has been the main problem confronting sustainable development in the mountain areas. Agroforestry is one of the favoured land man ...
Land Degradation - SAARC Agriculture Centre
Land Degradation - SAARC Agriculture Centre

... together have 14.23 million hectare salt affected area. This also includes dry and subhumid coastal strip. The sizeable area affected with lower pH and aluminum toxicity which is other form of degradation, are also reported from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Loss of nutrient and /or organic matte ...
The impact of structural Fe(III) reduction by bacteria on
The impact of structural Fe(III) reduction by bacteria on

... Abstract—Although clay mineral reduction is thought to occur primarily as a result of the activity of indigenous microorganisms in soil, most research has focused on chemical mechanisms of Fe reduction within clay minerals. Here we show that bacteria isolated from soils and sediments catalyze the ra ...
samson agro incorporator cm/cmx
samson agro incorporator cm/cmx

... In addition, a larger quantity of the slurry is available to the plants because it is positioned directly at their roots. The lower volume of slurry when injecting – as opposed to the application of slurry with drip hose booms – ensures that the nutrients from the slurry are better preserved, becaus ...
Monitoring soil erosion in South Africa at a regional scale
Monitoring soil erosion in South Africa at a regional scale

... Likewise, the quartzitic Table ...
The Physical Environment of Rupestrian Grasslands (Campos
The Physical Environment of Rupestrian Grasslands (Campos

... attributes) affect the RGC at continental scales (high landsurfaces), regional scales (regional landforms, such as escarpments, valleys, slopes) and local scales (soil depth, stoniness, rockiness, drainage). The most common occurrence of RGC in Brazil is on Quartzite and metarenites, followed by can ...
S115 Forage Facts Notebook - Missouri State University
S115 Forage Facts Notebook - Missouri State University

... make a template from pliable rod or material that is 132 inches long and can be bent to form a circle. The circular template will have a diameter of 42 inches. The area within the circle is a unique size because the weight of the dry matter residue within this circle, weighed in grams and multiplied ...
Lateral load capacity estimation of large diameter - E
Lateral load capacity estimation of large diameter - E

... caused by pile installation. None of these factors, though very significant, can be reproduced in the calculation method. Various simplifications have been necessary in order to provide Solutions to this complex problem of soil structure interaction. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has, after r ...
here - Westshores Nurseries
here - Westshores Nurseries

... Gail & John Summerfield 82 West Street, Winterton North Lincs. DN15 9QF ...
Direct Seeding Mulch-Based Cropping Systems (DMC)
Direct Seeding Mulch-Based Cropping Systems (DMC)

... issues—desertification, biodiversity loss, global warming—humankind must absolutely modify its ‘environment-unfriendly’ practices, especially in agriculture. The negative impacts of conventional agricultural practices are well known (land degradation, soil erosion, decline in biodiversity, pollution ...
Quantifying the impact of land degradation on crop
Quantifying the impact of land degradation on crop

... derived from FAO (2006; Agromaps). The crops represented 93 % of the total cultivated area (FAOSTAT, 2005). Areas and production levels were upscaled to the national level to represent the entire cultivated area; yield data remained the same as reported in the Agromaps database. The procedure for es ...
Sward Improvement 12.3MB
Sward Improvement 12.3MB

... Mixture of 3-4 varieties is normal Do not need to be similar heading date – can include intermediate and late varieties together Persistence and ground cover are very important to ensure that sward lasts and can withstand poaching or trampling ...
Morphologic evidence of lamellae forming directly from
Morphologic evidence of lamellae forming directly from

... permit sampling. Standard particle size analysis Ž pipet. was run on these samples ŽSoil Survey Laboratory Staff, 1996.. Bulk samples were also taken in triplicate from the sandy zones between the clayey strata. The samples were air-dried and the sand fraction isolated by dispersion Žas above., foll ...
Guidance on the use of BSI PAS 100 compost in topsoil
Guidance on the use of BSI PAS 100 compost in topsoil

... The purpose of topsoil manufacturing is to create an effective soil for the establishment of vegetation. The term topsoil manufacturing, as used in this technical document, refers to the blending of soils available on site along with potentially other organic or inorganic materials with BSI PAS 100 ...
Interactive comment on “Effect of charcoal amendments and a deep
Interactive comment on “Effect of charcoal amendments and a deep

... The following sentence is added to section 2.2 (Experimental setup) Lupine and barley crops are expected to have different effects on soil hydraulic properties. Barley has a fibrous root system, while lupine has deep-rooted system and is widely grown on marginal lands for its leguminous nature. Page ...
POTASSIUM - Agronomy - K
POTASSIUM - Agronomy - K

... although there is relatively little potassium dissolved in soil water at any one time. Because of this, the potassium soil test is an index value related to the soils ability to resupply solution K+ from the CEC after crop uptake. Soil tests for available potassium are intended to extract only K+ io ...
Phosphorus retention in forest soils and the functioning of
Phosphorus retention in forest soils and the functioning of

... 1.1. The load of phosphorus in Finland Phosphorus (P), along with nitrogen (N), is the growth limiting nutrient in most boreal lake ecosystems and in the Baltic Sea (Pietiläinen and Räike 1999 and the references within). The input of these nutrients into watercourses has increased by human activity. ...
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Terra preta

Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtɛʁɐ ˈpɾetɐ], locally [ˈtɛhɐ ˈpɾetɐ], literally ""black earth"" or ""black land"" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil found in the Amazon Basin. Terra preta owes its name to its very high charcoal content, and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone, and manure to the otherwise relatively infertile Amazonian soil. It is very stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years. It is also known as ""Amazonian dark earth"" or ""Indian black earth"". In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do índio or terra preta de índio (""black earth of the Indian"", ""Indians' black earth""). Terra mulata (""mulatto earth"") is lighter or brownish in colour.Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal in high concentrations; of high quantities of pottery sherds; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn). It also shows high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within its particular ecosystem. It is less prone to nutrient leaching, which is a major problem in most rain forests. Terra preta zones are generally surrounded by terra comum ([ˈtɛhɐ koˈmũ] or [ˈtɛhɐ kuˈmũ]), or ""common soil""; these are infertile soils, mainly acrisols, but also ferralsols and arenosols.Terra preta soils are of pre-Columbian nature and were created by humans between 450 BC and AD 950. The soil's depth can reach 2 meters (6.6 ft). Thousands of years after its creation it has been reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.39 in) per year by the local farmers and caboclos in Brazil's Amazonian basin, who seek it for use and for sale as valuable potting soil.
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