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EFFECT OF SOIL VARIABILITY ON THE BEARING CAPACITY OF
EFFECT OF SOIL VARIABILITY ON THE BEARING CAPACITY OF

... Frydman, 1997; Merrified et al., 1999). These studies are very useful although their applications are limited to a few situations. In many cases, the soil may be deposited in several layers. For such cases, reliable estimation of bearing capacity is extremely complicated. Modern computation techniqu ...
Conference for Soil Classification Lincoln, NE, USA June 12, 2012
Conference for Soil Classification Lincoln, NE, USA June 12, 2012

... based on parent materials and weathering, then followed by Szemian in1927 by taking into account  four  soil  forming  factors:  climate,  weathering  stage,  parent  materials,  and  mineralogical  composition. In 1930, J.T. White proposed a more basic classification based on soil characteristics.  ...
QUARANTINE PESTS AND WEEDS: A MAJOR
QUARANTINE PESTS AND WEEDS: A MAJOR

... A. The Fiumicino area is very large and includes horticultural crop production in Maccarese. We can consider an area of approximately 1,000 ha, cultivated with high-value crops such as carrot, potato and other vegetables in open field. In particular carrots are a real speciality in Maccarese. The co ...
here
here

... Another possibility is that culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques produce different results. Because each method may only be able to identify certain bacteria species, major strains could be missed unless both methods are used. The bacterial counts of non heattreated vermicompost samp ...
Return-flow prediction and buffer designation in two rainforest
Return-flow prediction and buffer designation in two rainforest

... played a key role in the generation of perennial streams, and the l spatial distribution may be useful in locating the perennial stream network on digital maps for objective ‘hydrological buffer zoning’. The spatial structure of 468 soil moisture content measurements within the 0.21 km2 Huai Pacha c ...
effect of wheat residue incorporation along with n starter dose on
effect of wheat residue incorporation along with n starter dose on

... along with starter N dose. With the passage of time, soil fertility is improving as is evident from grain yield and resultantly less fertilizer addition will be needed. Microbial activity would have increased due to residue ...
The impact of fertilizer subsidies on investment in soil and water
The impact of fertilizer subsidies on investment in soil and water

... However, the new subsidy programmes rely on innovations in programme implementations to overcome the shortcomings of the past fertilizer subsidy programmes (Banful, 2011). For instance, World Bank (2008) and Morris et al. (2007) maintain that the new subsidy programmes in SSA must be temporary and ...
Iron Ochre And Related Sludge Deposits In Subsurface Drain Lines1
Iron Ochre And Related Sludge Deposits In Subsurface Drain Lines1

... condition. It usually occurs rapidly and often can be detected at drain outlets within the first few months after drain installation. If drains can be maintained in working order, ferrous iron reaching them may diminish over a period of time. Permanent ochre is the most serious problem because it co ...
full text pdf
full text pdf

... Abstract: Forest stand decomposition of the Silesian Beskids which is followed by the tree cutting has been observed since the beginning of the 21st century. Changes in forest management due to the introduction of heavy machines for forest work mainly for skidding have been observed in the Silesian ...
Weathering and Erosion Section 1
Weathering and Erosion Section 1

... Erosion - process in which the materials of Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away & transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity ...
Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts?
Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts?

... The aim of this current study was to systematically review and analyse the studies comparing environmental impacts of organic and conventional farming in Europe. A meta-analysis was used to evaluate the results of peer-reviewed studies comparing the nutrient losses, biodiversity impacts, greenhouse ...
Responses of N2O and CH4 fluxes to fertilizer
Responses of N2O and CH4 fluxes to fertilizer

... stratospheric ozone (O3 ) (Forster et al., 2007). Fertilized upland agricultural soils are the most important anthropogenic N2 O sources and are significant CH4 sinks (Bouwman et al., 2002; Dutaur and Verchot, 2007). The production of N2 O and the consumption of CH4 in soils are mainly biological pr ...
Nutrient Deficiency Identification Guide
Nutrient Deficiency Identification Guide

... Under severe deficiency, new growth may emerge with this flecking and striping over the entire length of the leaf. A further sign to watch out for are the ‘wheelings’, which often remain green due to soil compaction. ...
Saline Seep Management in North
Saline Seep Management in North

... It is important to distinguish between Montana’s most common type of saline seep (described below) and two other types of saline areas that can occur in the same region and are sometimes mistaken for saline seeps. First, saline areas can naturally develop in low-lying areas with a shallow water tabl ...
Fusarium wilt Resistance in Eight Identified Multiple Disease Resistant
Fusarium wilt Resistance in Eight Identified Multiple Disease Resistant

... (which caused 50% PDI in PM) was used for artificial screening of the 8 MDR genotypes. PDI was <25% for all 8 genotypes (Table 2), and they were therefore classified as Fusarium resistant genotypes by the artificial screening method. Previously, Zuniga and Zitter (7) had confirmed MR-I as FR based o ...
World of Chemistry 102
World of Chemistry 102

... 12. (10 pts) Plants need nitrogen to build proteins and other biomolecules such as chlorophyll. Of course eighty percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen but it is not in a form that can be used directly by plants. Describe two ways in which nature converts N2 to a form of nitrogen that can be used. Be ...
Fertilizer Primer - College of Agricultural and Life Sciences
Fertilizer Primer - College of Agricultural and Life Sciences

... industrial wastes also can satisfy the nutrient needs of crops. In many situations, factors such as accessibility and transportation costs result in commercially manufactured fertilizers providing the most economic means of improving soil fertility. This publication defines terminology commonly asso ...
Urea - International Plant Nutrition Institute
Urea - International Plant Nutrition Institute

... The production of urea fertilizer involves controlled reaction of ammonia gas (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with elevated temperature and pressure. The molten urea is formed into spheres with specialized granulation equipment or hardened into a solid prill while falling from a tower. During the ...
open file - MacLean Power Systems
open file - MacLean Power Systems

... helical plate thickness is based on the presence of gravel or cobbles in the soils. In general, the 3/8” (1 cm) thick helical plate is sufficient for most jobs. However, if the site soils contain significant quantities of gravel or cobbles, the anchor will have to push aside the rocky material as it ...
Predicting soil water repellency using hydrophobic organic
Predicting soil water repellency using hydrophobic organic

... SWR is still not clear. Significantly more organic matter was found in water repellent soils than in wettable soils, but there was no clear correlation between the extracted amounts of organic matter and SWR severity (Atanassova and Doerr, 2010; Mainwaring et al., 2004, 2013). Few studies have attem ...
Field Handbook for Saskatchewan Soils
Field Handbook for Saskatchewan Soils

... Well to Moderately well drained (MWD) -- Water is removed from the soil somewhat slowly in relation to supply. Excess water is removed somewhat slowly due to low permeability, shallow water table, lack of gradient, or some combination of these. Soils are usually medium to fine textured. Precipitatio ...
Soil-Disturbance Field Guide
Soil-Disturbance Field Guide

... the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, its contractors, and cooperating Federal and State agencies. The Forest Service assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this information by other than its own employees. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the info ...
2 Param Agricultural Soil Surveys (M) Sdn Bhd, A4
2 Param Agricultural Soil Surveys (M) Sdn Bhd, A4

... cement-msf stabilized peat with a relatively lower UCS; (c) Ombrogenic, sapric peat (from decomposed hardwood fragments of tree logs, broken branches, bark and roots contributed by dominant, hardwood, plant species (e.g. Shorea type)) that occur in these vegetation zones (phasic community II to IV) ...
Consequences of Mining Operations on Environmental
Consequences of Mining Operations on Environmental

... Mineral exploitation, smelting and recovery of useful and/or precious metals in several countries of Europe dates back to VII century B.C. (Etruscan times) or even before (Thornton, 1996). After a large diffusion of Fe, Cu, Au, Ag, Sn, Pb mining during the Roman expansion in Europe and Britain, ore ...
Meta-analysis of the effects of soil properties, site factors and
Meta-analysis of the effects of soil properties, site factors and

... on soil properties, site factors and experimental conditions collected in the database as well as ...
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Terra preta

Terra preta (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtɛʁɐ ˈpɾetɐ], locally [ˈtɛhɐ ˈpɾetɐ], literally ""black earth"" or ""black land"" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil found in the Amazon Basin. Terra preta owes its name to its very high charcoal content, and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone, and manure to the otherwise relatively infertile Amazonian soil. It is very stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years. It is also known as ""Amazonian dark earth"" or ""Indian black earth"". In Portuguese its full name is terra preta do índio or terra preta de índio (""black earth of the Indian"", ""Indians' black earth""). Terra mulata (""mulatto earth"") is lighter or brownish in colour.Terra preta is characterized by the presence of low-temperature charcoal in high concentrations; of high quantities of pottery sherds; of organic matter such as plant residues, animal feces, fish and animal bones and other material; and of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn). It also shows high levels of microorganic activities and other specific characteristics within its particular ecosystem. It is less prone to nutrient leaching, which is a major problem in most rain forests. Terra preta zones are generally surrounded by terra comum ([ˈtɛhɐ koˈmũ] or [ˈtɛhɐ kuˈmũ]), or ""common soil""; these are infertile soils, mainly acrisols, but also ferralsols and arenosols.Terra preta soils are of pre-Columbian nature and were created by humans between 450 BC and AD 950. The soil's depth can reach 2 meters (6.6 ft). Thousands of years after its creation it has been reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.39 in) per year by the local farmers and caboclos in Brazil's Amazonian basin, who seek it for use and for sale as valuable potting soil.
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