Download Mrs. Willis Biology Blizzard Bag Days 1-3

Mrs. Willis
Biology
Blizzard Bag Days 1-3
Directions: Complete the Final Exam Review by May 28, 2014.
Pages 1-4 are due by May 16th
We will review the concepts included on these pages in class on May 19th.
Pages 5- 10 are due by May 23rd
We will review the concepts included on these pages in class on May 26th.
Pages 11-14 are due by May 28th
We will review the concepts included on these pages in class on May 30th.
To submit your completed review assignment using one of the ways listed below:
1.) Google Docs- [email protected]
2.) Email- [email protected]
3.) Print a hard copy and bring to class.
Final Exam Review Willis Biology Spring 2014
Chapter 11
11.1 The work of Gregor Mendel
What is genetics?
What is fertilization?
What does true breeding mean?
What is a trait?
What is a hybrid?
Do a cross of a true breeding tall plant and a true breeding short plant. Use the letter “T”, tall is dominant to short
Cross 2 plants from the F1 generation from above
What are genes?
What are alleles?
What is a gamete?
11.2 Probability and Punnett Squares
What is probability?
What is a punnett square?
What does homozygous mean?
What does heterozygous mean?
What trait will a heterozygous individual display? (dominant or recessive?)
What is a genotype? What is a phenotype?
11.3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics
What is independent assortment?
Summarize Mendel’s Principles (page 272)
What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.
Cross a red flower and a white flower (incomplete dominance) What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the
offspring?
Cross a red flower and a pink flower What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the offspring?
What is co dominance? Give an example.
Cross a black chicken and a white chicken. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the offspring?
Cross a white chicken and an erminette (black and white) chicken. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios for the
offspring?
What are multiple alleles? What is an example?
What are polygenic traits? Give an example.
Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
What is selective breeding?
What is hybridization?
What is inbreeding?
What is genetic engineering?
What are transgenic animals?
What is cloning?
Chapter 14 Human Heredity
What is a karyotype?
How many chromosomes does a normal human karyotype show?
How do you differentiate between a male and a female on a karyotype? What chromosomes are different?
Looking at this karyotype, what would you determine for the future of this fetus. How could this have occurred?
What causes down syndrome?
What is nondisjunction?
How many chromosomes are found in an egg and sperm?
What is a pedigree?
What does each shape represent? What does a shaded square mean?
How can the environment influence genes?
What are the different blood types?
Fill out the chart below. Some will have more than one genotype, depending if the individual is homozygous or
heterozygous
Phenotype (blood type)
Genotypes
A
B
AB
O
Cross a man with type A blood (homozygous) and a woman with blood type B (heterozygous). What are the possible
phenotypes for their offspring?
Is it possible for a man with blood type AB to be the father of a child who has type O blood? Explain.
What is a sex linked gene? What chromosome is it carried on?
What are some examples of sex linked genes?
Colorblindness is a sex linked trait. In order for a daughter to be colorblind, what must the genotypes be of her parents?
Use a punnett square to support your answer.
Why are sex linked disorders more common in men than women?
Is it possible for a male to be a carrier of a sex linked trait? Why?
The pedigree below shows the cases of hemophilia, a recessive sex linked trait, in the royal families of Europe. Use the
letter “N” for this trait, shown in shaded boxes.
What would Alice and Irene’s genotype be? What would Waldamar and Henry’s genotypes be?
What are the chances of Alexis producing an affected female if he married a heterozygous woman? An affected male?
Dihybrid Crosses- remember FOIL!
A female cat is heterozygous for both fur color and fur length is crossed with a male who is heterozygous for fur color
and has long fur. Short fun (S) and black fur (B) are dominate to long fur and white fur.
Parent genotype: __________
Parent genotype: __________
What is the probability (you may use fraction or a percent) that the offspring will be ...
a. short and black fur
b. long and white fur
c. long and black fur
d. short and white fur
Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
How are new traits in a species explained in Lamarck’s view of evolution? Give a specific example.
What are the important parts of Darwin’s ideas of natural selection?
What types of individuals tend to survive, according to Darwin?
What ideas is Darwin’s theory of natural selection based on?
What is artificial selection? What is an example?
What is fitness?
What does common descent mean?
What are some evidences of to support Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Summarize Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Chapter 16 Evolution of Populations
What is a gene pool?
What is the relative frequency?
What are 2 sources for genetic variation?
What is a mutation?
What is gene shuffling?
How does natural selection affect polygenic traits?
What is stabilizing selection? Directional selection? Disruptive selection? What do the graphs look like?
What is genetic drift?
What is the founder’s effect?
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
What is genetic equilibrium?
Will there be evolution if a population is at genetic equilibrium?
What are 5 principles that must be met to achieve genetic equilibrium? Briefly explain each.
 Random mating
 Large population
 No movement in or out of a population
 No mutations
 No natural selection
What is speciation?
What is reproductive isolation?
What are the different ways species can be isolated? (Temporal, geographical, behavioral…) Give an example of each.
Chapter 17 The History of Life
What are index fossils?
What is relative dating?
What is radioactive dating?
Describe half-life and give an example.
Describe the following in the process of Microevolution
Natural selection
Migration
Mate choice
Mutation
Genetic drift
Describe the following patterns of Macroevolution
Convergent evolution
Coevolution
Adaptive radiation
Extinction
Gradualism
Punctuated equilibrium
Chapter 18 Classification
What is taxonomy?
Why do biologists group and organize living things?
Classification levels (K, P,C,O,F,G,S) Which is largest? Which is smallest?
Bionomial nomenclature? How do we format the scientific names of species? (How do we write the names of
organisms?)
What are some challenges to classifying living things?
What is phylogeny? What does it show?
What are derived characters?
What is a cladogram? What does it show?
Chapter 3
What is ecology?
What is the biosphere?
Explain the following levels of organization: species, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes and biosphere
What is a producer?
What is a consumer?
What is an Autotroph? Heterotroph?
What is photosynthesis?
What is a carnivore? Herbivore? Omnivore? Detritovoire? Decomposer?
How does energy move throughout an ecosystem?
What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?
What are trophic levels?
What is a primary consumer? Secondary consumer? Tertiary consumer? Primary producer?
What does an energy pyramid show? Which trophic level has the most energy available?
What does a biomass pyramid show? Which trophic level has the most biomass present?
What does a pyramid of numbers show? Which trophic level tends to be the most numerous?
Explain the water cycle. What is evaporation and transpiration?
Explain the carbon cycle. What are 2 ways C can enter the atmosphere?
What is one way that carbon is removed from the atmosphere? What types of organisms do this?
Explain the nitrogen cycle. What are 3 ways nitrogen can travel from the atmosphere directly to the soil?
What is nitrogen fixation?
What is denitrification?
Explain the phosphorous cycle. What makes the phosphorous cycle different than the other cycles?
What are some ways algal blooms may be caused?
Chapter 4
How are climate and weather different?
What is the greenhouse effect?
Where are the following zones located? Polar, Temperate and Tropical. What is different that causes these zones to
have different climates?
What is a biotic factor?
What is an abiotic factor?
What is a niche?
Define the following community interactions and give an example of each
Completion
Predation
Define the following symbiotic relationships and give an example of each
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
How is primary and secondary succession different? Which one happens more rapidly?
Briefly explain the location, temperate, and precipitation information for each biome:
Tropical rain forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical savanna
Desert
Temperate grassland
Temperate woodland and shrub land
Temperate forest
Northwestern coniferous forest
Boreal forest
Tundra
Chapter 5
What is population density?
What is immigration? Emigration?
What is exponential growth? What shape is the curve?
What is logistic growth? What shape is the curve?
Why are these 2 types of growth different?
What is carrying capacity? What does it look like on a graph?
What is a limiting factor?
What is a density dependent limiting factor? Give 3 examples
What is a density independent limiting factor? Give 3 examples?
Explain the key differences between these two types of limiting factors
What is demography?
What is a demographic transition?
What countries have gone through a demographic transition? Which countries have not?
What is an age structure diagram? How does it work? (Be able to read and interpret one, see page 131)
Chapter 6
Environmental
Problem
Extinction
Groundwater Pollution
Acid Rain
Soil Erosion
Habitat Destruction
Global
Warming/Greenhouse
Effect
Biodiversity
Invasive Species
Causes
Effects
Solutions