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Transcript
Genetics Review Who established modern Genetics? (aka Father of Genetics) •Gregor Mendel What do geneticists call a genetic cross made to study a single trait? •Monohybrid Cross What are distinctive forms of a gene called? •Alleles What is any characteristic passed from parent to offspring? •A Trait An organism that receives different alleles from both parents is a__________ •Hybrid A punnett square represents the phenotype of an organism. T or F •False How do we represent the allele for a recessive trait? •Lowercase letter How do we represent the allele for a recessive trait? •Lowercase letter A section of a chromosome that codes for a trait is a •Gene What is the likelihood that a particular event will occur? •Probability Which law states that gene pairs separate from each other during meiosis? •Law of segregation If a male organism has the genotype AABBCCDD and is crossed with a female with aabbccdd, what would all of their offspring's genotypes be? •AaBbCcDd If all the offspring peas in a cross are Rr, then what were the parent’s genotypes •RR x rr What is the genetic makeup of an organism called? •Genotype The branch of Biology that deals with heredity •Genetics Write a genotype for a homozygous recessive trait. •rr Passing of traits from parent to offspring •Heredity An allele that expresses itself in a hybrid is a(n)_________. •Dominant allele Offspring of the P generation •F1 generation What is the genotypic probability of a cross between Bb and Bb? •1BB:2Bb:1bb •25%BB:50%Bb:25%bb •¼ BB: ½ Bb: ¼ bb Reasons Mendel studied peas •Rapid reproduction •Easy to cross pollinate •Distinctive traits •Easy to grow Offspring of the F1 generation •F2 generation Write a genotype for a heterozygous trait. •Rr Dominant is to Recessive as Heterozygous is to •Homozygous How can we represent Probability? •Ratio •Fraction •Percentage A person with brown eyes allele(B) and a blue eye allele (b)has brown eye because of which law? •Law of Dominance Write the genotypes for a cross between two heterozygous individuals for a single trait. •Gg X Gg In Rabbits Black fur (B) is dominant to Brown fur (b) 1 2 3 4 What is this device called? Punnett Square or Monohybrid cross What law states that gene pairs segregate randomly and independently from each other? •Law of independent assortment Which Punnett Square is worked out correctly? D • d D d d d D DD Dd D dd Dd d Dd dd D DD Dd D DD dd D Dd dd If you flipped a coin five times and it came up on heads, what is the chance it will come up on heads next time? •50% In Rabbits Black fur (B) is dominant to Brown fur (b) 1 2 3 4 What’s the color of both parents? Black In Rabbits Black fur (B) is dominant to Brown fur (b) 1 2 3 4 What is the phenotype of Box 2? Black All of the possible results of a genetic cross can be shown by using what tool? •Punnett Square What is the term for the physical appearance that an organism expresses? •Phenotype In Rabbits Black fur (B) is dominant to Brown fur (b) 1 2 3 4 What is the genotype of box 4? bb How do the offspring of 2 purebred parents look in comparison? •identical Gregor Mendel used pea plants to show what? •How traits are inherited R =Round r =wrinkled Y = yellow and y=green X 6 7 1 3 5 4 9 2 8 What is the genotype of the individual in box 2? RrYy R =Round r =wrinkled Y = yellow and y=green X 6 7 1 3 5 4 9 2 8 What is the phenotype of the individual in box 1? Round & yellow R =Round r =wrinkled Y = yellow and y=green What type of cross is this? X 6 7 1 3 5 4 9 2 8 Dihybrid R =Round r =wrinkled Y = yellow and y=green X 6 7 1 3 5 4 9 2 8 What is the genotype of the individual in box 7? RRYy R =Round r =wrinkled Y = yellow and y=green X 6 7 1 3 5 4 9 2 8 What is the phenotype of the individual in box 8? Wrinkled & green End of Genetics Part I