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Macromolecules
Std. 2: Knowledge of the structure and function of macromolecules is necessary for an understanding of the biochemistry of cells
Explain the levels of protein structure. Describe the
relationship between structure and function of proteins
Explain the role of enzymes as biological catalysts. How do
they affect chemical reactions? What affects their function?
List the 4 macromolecules, their monomers & function: a.________________________:

Monomer: ___________________
Function:
b. ________________________:

Monomer: ___________________
Function:
c. ________________________:

Monomer: ___________________
Function:
d. ________________________:

Monomer: ________________& _______________
Function:
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme? _______________
What do enzymes do? _________________________________
Label the enzymatic reaction
.
a._________________ b._________________ c. __________________ d.__________________ e. _________________
Question Analysis
There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a
single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific
reaction?
Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that
destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a
snakebite could best be slowed by…
Hint: relate structure to function:
Factors that affect enzyme function:
*
*
Answer: (select best choice)
Apply ice
drink water
induce vomiting
increase blood flow
Macromolecules Study Guide
I. Macromolecules
 Macromolecules – large organic (carbon based)
molecules.
 Monomers= building blocks; bonded together to form
larges complex chain molecules called polymers.
II. Classes of Macromolecules
o Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.
 Carbohydrates –
o Monomers - simple sugars (monosaccharide)
o Function: carbohydrates supply an easily accessible
source of energy (sugar).
o Exp. = Starch, glycogen & cellulose (plant fibers)
 Lipidso Monomers- fatty acid and glycerol
o Functions: – stores energy & makes up cellular
(biological) membranes.
o Exp. – Fats, oils, & steroids
 Nucleic Acids
o Monomers – nucleotides
o Functions– stores & transmit hereditary (genetic)
information.
o Exp. = DNA &RNA
 Proteins
o Monomers – amino acids (over 20 amino acids)
o Protein shape determines function
o Function – Control rate of reactions, regulate cell
processes, form muscles and bones, transport, & help
fight disease.
o Exp. = enzymes
III. Chemical Reactions

Changes 1set of compounds into another set of
compounds.
o Reactants = compound(s) that start the chemical
reaction
o Products = “new” compound(s) produced at the end
o Bonds are broken and then reformed.
o Atoms are NOT created or destroyed, they are
rearranged.
IV. Enzymes

Activation Energy = “start-up” energy for chemical
reactions
 Enzymes = proteins that function as biological catalysts
o Speed up rate of chemical reactions in cells by
lowering the activation energy.
V. Enzyme Structure
 active site – place where substrates bind to enzyme
o Substrates = reactants in an enzyme reaction
o Enzyme substrate complex = enzyme + substrate
 Enzyme Function:
o Affected by temperature & pH → denatures enzyme