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Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ Chapter 8 Review Test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Most earthquakes happen at the edges of a. tectonic plates. b. elastic deformations. c. earthquake zones. d. shear waves. ____ 2. Which of the following is NOT a type of plate motion? a. transform motion c. divergent motion b. convergent motion d. rebound motion ____ 3. A break in Earth’s crust along which blocks of crust slide relative to one another is a. a plate. c. a fault. b. a deformation. d. an earthquake. ____ 4. Which of the following is a type of body wave? a. shear wave c. reverse wave b. surface wave d. transform wave ____ 5. Another word for an earthquake’s strength is its a. magnitude. c. epicenter. b. intensity. d. focus. ____ 6. When should you return to your home after an earthquake? a. when someone in authority tells you to b. as soon as the shaking stops c. when the aftershocks begin d. when you get hungry ____ 7. The waves of energy from earthquakes that travel through Earth are called a. earthquake waves. c. gap waves. b. transform waves d. seismic waves. ____ 8. The strength of an earthquake is determined by the a. type of fault on which it occurs. c. amount of damage it causes. b. gap hypothesis. d. amount of ground motion. ____ 9. What scale is used to measure the strength of an earthquake? a. seismogram c. Richter magnitude b. gap hypothesis d. Modified Mercalli Intensity ____ 10. One way to forecast earthquakes in a place is to observe their past a. strength and intensity. c. frequency and intensity. b. strength and frequency. d. magnitude. 1 ID: A Name: ______________________ ID: A ____ 11. If you are in a car on the open road when an earthquake occurs, you should a. drive away from the area. b. stop the car and stay inside. c. stop the car and seek shelter in a ditch. d. drive slowly to the nearest overpass. ____ 12. Strike-slip faults are created by a. convergent motion. b. transform motion. c. transcontinental motion. d. divergent motion. ____ 13. Primary seismic waves a. are slower than secondary waves. b. are the result of shearing forces in rock. c. can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. d. cause Earth’s surface to roll up and down. ____ 14. What do seismologists use to determine when an earthquake started? a. an epicenter c. a focus b. a seismogram d. an intensity scale ____ 15. What is the measurement of the strength of an earthquake called? a. intensity c. magnitude b. richter d. frequency ____ 16. What is the degree to which people feel an earthquake and how much damage it causes called? a. intensity c. magnitude b. richter d. frequency ____ 17. What is the measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes called? a. gap hypothesis c. earthquake hazard b. seismic gap d. earthquake frequency ____ 18. What is the theory that active faults with few earthquakes in the past will have strong ones in the future? a. seismic hypothesis c. gap hypothesis b. forecasting hypothesis d. frequency hypothesis ____ 19. What is NOT a good thing to do if you are outdoors when an earthquake starts? a. Go to a place away from buildings and trees. b. Run back into your home. c. Lie face down. d. Cover your head with your hands. ____ 20. What is NOT something you should do before an earthquake? a. Safeguard your home. b. Plan a place to meet others. c. Eat all your stored food. d. Store food, water, and other useful things. 2 Name: ______________________ ID: A Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 21. When stress increases along faults, rock ____________________ occurs, which in turn can lead to earthquakes. 22. Transform motion creates ____________________ faults. 23. The magnitude of an earthquake means its ____________________. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. seismograph epicenter seismogram P waves deformation elastic rebound seismic waves seismic gaps focus 24. The point at which an earthquake begins, called the ____________________, is located along a fault. 25. There are two types of ____________________ in which rock changes shape because of stress. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. mass damper base isolator seismic waves elastic deformation 26. During elastic rebound, the energy that is released travels as ____________________. 27. Rock that deforms like a stretched rubber band is an example of ____________________. 28. A thing that acts like a shock absorber in an earthquake-resistant building is a(n) ____________________. 29. A weight in the roof of a building that can shift to counteract the movement of the building is the ____________________. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. surface waves S waves P waves body waves 30. P waves and S waves are types of ____________________. 3 Name: ______________________ ID: A Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. seismology d. seismic waves b. deformation e. P waves c. elastic rebound f. S waves ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion waves of energy that travel through Earth away from an earthquake in all directions the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress 36. the branch of Earth science devoted to studying earthquakes Match each item with the correct statement below. a. seismogram d. seismograph b. epicenter e. Richter magnitude scale c. focus f. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 37. instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake 38. tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph 39. scale used to measure earthquake damage 40. point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs 41. point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point 42. scale used to measure earthquake strength Match each item with the correct statement below. a. seismic gap e. gap hypothesis b. mass damper f. base isolator c. earthquake hazard g. active tendon system d. flexible pipe h. retrofitting ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 43. measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes 44. hypothesis based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time 45. area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past 46. process of making older structures more earthquake resistant 47. something that helps keep water and gas lines from breaking in an earthquake 48. something that acts as a shock absorber for a building during an earthquake 49. a weight located at the bottom of a building to help offset building movement 50. a weight placed in the roof of a building to counteract building movement 4