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Contents
Practice Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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Practice Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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Coach Jumpstart, North Carolina
READY EOC Edition, Biology
Practice Test 1
Name:
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BIOLOGY
S1
S2
What will most likely be the result if all of the chloroplasts are removed
from a plant cell?
A
It will be unable to carry out photosynthesis.
B
It will break down the glucose in the cell.
C
It will lose carbon dioxide through diffusion.
D
It will be unable to carry out cellular respiration.
The inheritance of color-blindness is an X-linked, recessive trait. If a woman
who carries the trait and a man without the trait have children, what would
be the most likely result?
A
All of their sons would be colorblind, and half of their daughters
would be carriers.
B
Half of their sons would be colorblind, and half of their daughters
would be carriers.
C
Half of their sons would be colorblind, and all of their daughters
would be carriers.
D
None of their sons would be colorblind, and all of their daughters
would be carriers.
6
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Practice Test 1
Sample Questions
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BIOLOGY
1
This chart shows which amino acids are coded for by different combinations
of mRNA nucleotides.
Second Base
First
Base
U
U
U
U
U
phenylalanine
phenylalanine
leucine
leucine
serine
serine
serine
serine
tyrosine
tyrosine
(stop)
(stop)
cysteine
cysteine
(stop)
tryptophan
U
C
A
G
C
C
C
C
leucine
leucine
leucine
leucine
proline
proline
proline
proline
histidine
histidine
glutamine
glutamine
arginine
arginine
arginine
arginine
U
C
A
G
A
A
A
A
isoleucine
isoleucine
isoleucine
methionine
threonine
threonine
threonine
threonine
asparagine
asparagine
lysine
lysine
serine
serine
arginine
arginine
U
C
A
G
G
G
G
G
valine
valine
valine
valine
alanine
alanine
alanine
alanine
aspartic acid
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
glutamic acid
glycine
glycine
glycine
glycine
U
C
A
G
C
A
G
Third
Base
Practice Test 1
The Genetic Code
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Which amino acids are coded for by an mRNA segment that reads
GUA CAC?
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A
lysine and alanine
B
valine and histidine
C
valine and glycine
D
glycine and serine
7
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BIOLOGY
3
4
How does crossing-over during meiosis lead to genetic variation?
A
It increases the number of gametes produced.
B
It adds additional genes to the parent chromosome.
C
It doubles the number of chromosomes in the gametes.
D
It increases the number of possible genetic combinations in the
offspring.
Which of the following is evidence that the environment influences the
expression of genetic traits?
A
A child with two recessive genes for cystic fibrosis will have the
disease.
B
The son of hemophiliac parents will also have hemophilia.
C
A child needs only one gene for Huntington disease to develop the
disease.
D
A healthful diet can help a person with a genetic predisposition for
type 2 diabetes avoid the disease.
In which of these ways are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?
A
They both contain DNA.
B
They both contain a nucleus.
C
They are both highly complex.
D
They are both enclosed by a cell wall.
8
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Practice Test 1
2
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BIOLOGY
5
The diagram shows an amoeba.
Nucleus
Practice Test 1
X
Amoeba
Which phrase best summarizes the function of structure X?
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A
storing food
B
maintaining water balance
C
moving and capturing food
D
detecting light sources
A single muscle cell is isolated and observed. Which organelle would you
expect to be abundant in the cell?
A
ribosomes
B
mitochondria
C
Golgi bodies
D
lysosomes
9
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BIOLOGY
8
9
How do buffers help maintain homeostasis within a cell?
A
by regulating pH levels
B
by regulating water levels
C
by regulating temperature
D
by regulating glucose levels
Which effect is most likely after an area experiences a tsunami?
A
The ratio of prey animals to predators in the area will increase.
B
The population density of the area will increase.
C
Competition in the area will decrease.
D
The carrying capacity of the area will decrease.
Which type of behavior is demonstrated when mature salmon travel long
distances from the ocean to find the stream of their birth?
A
estivation
B
migration
C
hibernation
D
trial and error
10
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Practice Test 1
7
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BIOLOGY
10
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12
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A
Polar ice caps would be replenished with fresh ice.
B
Average temperatures around the world would decrease.
C
The rate of global warming would decrease.
D
The pH of lakes and rivers would go down.
Practice Test 1
11
One of the gases released by burning fossil fuels is carbon dioxide. Burning
fossil fuels also produces compounds of sulfur and nitrogen. Since the
Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
has increased significantly. In the future, if all new businesses used clean
energy instead of fossil fuels, which of the following would be the most
likely result?
Which best summarizes the purpose of mitosis in multicellular eukaryotes?
A
enabling growth
B
increasing variation
C
producing gametes
D
encouraging mutations
A father with blood type AB and a mother with blood type O give birth to a
son with blood type B and a daughter with blood type A. Which term best
describes this scenario?
A
codominance
B
polygenic traits
C
multiple alleles
D
incomplete dominance
11
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BIOLOGY
14
15
Which of these describes mutations that cause skin cancer and lung cancer?
A
They are somatic mutations and are passed from parent to offspring.
B
They are somatic mutations and are not passed from parent to
offspring.
C
They are germ mutations and are passed from parent to offspring.
D
They are germ mutations and are not passed from parent to offspring.
Cells use the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule as a set of
instructions for making proteins. What parts make up a single nucleotide?
A
a phospholipid chain and a nitrogenous base
B
a phosphate molecule and three glucose molecules
C
a sugar molecule, an amino acid, and a variable group
D
a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate molecule
Which three of the four main kinds of macromolecules are used by living
things for energy?
A
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
B
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
C
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
D
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
12
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Practice Test 1
13
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BIOLOGY
16
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18
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A
Water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane.
B
Energy from ATP is used to move sodium and potassium ions against
a concentration gradient.
C
Particles move passively across the cell membrane in response to a
concentration gradient.
D
Protein channels embedded in the cell membrane help specific
molecules move across the cell membrane.
Practice Test 1
17
Which is an example of how cells use active transport to maintain
homeostasis?
Which of the following groups of terms is associated with engineering
transgenic organisms?
A
meiosis, zygotes, fertilization
B
crossing-over, genetic variation, haploid cells
C
recombinant DNA, plasmids, restriction enzymes
D
incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, mutations
Which of these is one way that growing and buying organic food affects
our environment?
A
Competition between native species is reduced.
B
The level of pollution in groundwater is reduced.
C
The demand for fossil fuels is reduced.
D
The risk of oil spills is reduced.
13
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