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Integrated Science Worksheet Chapter 8 Name ___________________________ Period _____________ Protein Synthesis /10 Protein synthesis is a complex process. In this activity you will trace the steps that are involved in the synthesis of a protein molecule called oxytocin. Oxytocin is the pituitary hormone that helps regulate blood pressure, stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth, and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth. A. Transcription. Protein synthesis begins with DNA in the nucleus. Below is a DNA base sequence that could code for part of a molecule of oxytocin. Write the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) codons that would result from the transcription of this portion of DNA. The arrow marks the starting point. ACA DNA: ATA 1 TAG 2 CTT 3 4 TTG 5 ACG GGG 6 7 AAC CCC 8 ATT 9 10 mRNA: ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ B. Translation. After transcription, mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome, where translation takes A G U C Lysine Lysine Asparagine Asparagine Glutamic Acid Glutamic Acid Aspartic Acid Aspartic Acid “Stop” codon “Stop” codon Tyrosine Tyrosine Glutamine Glutamine Histidine Histidine Arginine Arginine Serine Serine Glycine Glycine Glycine Glycine “Stop” codon Tryptophan Cysteine Cysteine Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine Isoleucine Methionine/Start Isoleucine Isoleucine Valine Valine Valine Valine Leucine Leucine Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine G U Second Letter in Codon A Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine Serine Serine Serine Serine Proline Proline Proline Proline A G U C A G U C A G U C A G U C Third Letter in Codon First Letter in Codon Genetic Code Chart place. Each mRNA codon bonds with an anticodon of transfer RNA (tRNA) and each tRNA carries a specific amino acid. The genetic code chart below shows the mRNA codons and the amino acids for which they code. For example, if you were given the codon AGA, you can see that these bases code for the amino acid arginine. C Use your mRNA sequence from Part A to write the sequence of amino acids in this part of the oxytocin molecule. 1_________________ 2_________________ 3_________________ 4_________________ 5_________________ 6_________________ 7_________________ 8_________________ 9_________________ 10_________________ 1. How many amino acids make up this portion of the oxytocin molecule? ________________________________ 2. What is the purpose of the UAA codon?__________________________________________________________ C. Overall Process of Protein Synthesis Label the structures on the diagram using the structures listed below. ribosome tRNA mRNA Cell Membrane DNA Nucleus 1. Amino Acid Sequence 2. 3. 4. mRNA