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Biology - Fall Semester Final Exam 2013-2014 Some questions (c) 2014 by Region 10 Educational Service Center. Some questions (c) 2014 by TEKS Resource System. Page 2 GO ON 1 The flow of energy and materials 2 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration during the production of ATP is shown differ in which of the following ways? in the diagram below. A The energy conversion in cellular respiration takes place in the chloroplast. B The main source of energy in cellular respiration is glucose. C The main source of chemical energy in cellular respiration is water. D The final product of cellular respiration is electromagnetic radiation. What kind of energy transformation occurs during the process of photosynthesis? A B C Light energy is converted into 3 An accepted principle or statement chemical energy. based on natural and physical Chemical energy is converted phenomena that is supported by data into light energy. from a collection of repeated tests by Light energy is converted into mechanical energy. D Light energy is converted into electrical energy. independent researchers is a – A hypothesis B fact C theory D law Page 3 GO ON 4 Energy conversion within a plant cell 7 Which of the following is arranged in would be limited most severely by the order of increasing levels of removal of the cell's – organization? A mitochondria A Molecule, atom, cell B chloroplasts B Cell, atom, molecule C ribosomes C Atom, molecule, cell D endoplasmic reticulum D Cell, molecule, atom 8 What type of reaction is needed to organize simple organic molecules, known as monomers, into long 5 Food provides the human body with all the following except – A calories B nutrients C oxygen D water 6 complex molecules known as polymers? A Miller-Urey reaction B Dehydration synthesis reaction C Hydrolysis reaction D Covalent reaction The energy that comes from organic compounds is transferred to the cell to maintain healthy function. Which organelle in an animal cell is responsible for this energy transfer? A mitochondria B nucleus C ribosomes D cytoplasm Page 4 GO ON 9 Which of the structures shown above packages proteins that are to be released from the cell? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 Page 5 GO ON Use the following diagram for the next two questions. 10 In the Enzyme-Substrate Complex, what is represented by Y? A Enzyme B Substrate C Active site D Product 11 What does Step III in the diagram above illustrate? A Enzyme specificity B Changes in enzymes after reaction C Conversion of substrate into products D Release of activation energy Page 6 GO ON 12 Which is the MOST valid conclusion 13 based on this graph? A student measured the time required for a protein sample to be A B C completely digested in the presence Enzymes are not affected greatly of an enzyme under different pH by temperature. levels. At which pH is the enzyme Enzymes work most effectively most active? at low temperatures. A 6.8 Raising the temperature always B 6.9 makes an enzyme work better. C 7.1 D Enzyme function decreases after D 7.2 a certain favorable temperature. Page 7 GO ON 14 One function of the carbohydrate macromolecule is to store energy. Which other macromolecule also functions in storing energy? A DNA B Protein C RNA D Lipid 15 The subunits of a protein are — A polysaccharides B carbohydrates C amino acids D lipids 16 A macromolecule is composed of glycerol and fatty acids and functions as a hormone. This molecule is a — A phosphate B lipid C polysaccharide D carbohydrate 17 Which statement best describes the function of nucleic acids? A Stores genetic information and helps to make proteins B Increases the rate of chemical reactions C Stimulates metabolism in all body cells D Activates secretion of the body's hormones Page 8 GO ON 18 Large biological molecules are made up of smaller subunits. What are these smaller subunits called? A Enzymes B Polymers C Monomers D Cells 19 Which of the following is a function of a carbohydrate? A Forms the cell wall B Insulation C Gene expression D Regulates enzymes 20 Which of the following biomolecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate? A Lipid B Protein C Nucleic acid D Carbohydrate Page 9 GO ON 21 Which of these best represents a fatty-acid molecule? A B C D 22 What monomer is represented by 23 Macromolecules which are both this diagram? hydrophobic and hydrophilic and are a major component of cell membranes are – A monosaccharide B nucleotide C glycerol A polysaccharides B proteins C phospholipids D inorganic D amino acid Page 10 GO ON 24 Which of the following 26 macromolecules are a prominent starch. When energy is needed, the part of animal tissues that function in starch molecules can be broken insulation, helping animals conserve down quickly. This chemical reaction heat? produces which of the following? A carbohydrates A amino acids B lipids B lipids C proteins C monosaccharides D nucleic acids 25 Many land plants store energy in Many plants have waxy coatings on D RNA chains 27 Which biomolecule's function is least some surfaces. This coating reduces likely to be affected by the order of water loss because it is not water- its single-molecule units? permeable. This waxy coating is A DNA B starch C RNA which of the following types of organic molecule? A carbohydrate B lipid C nucleic acid D protein D protein Page 11 GO ON 28 The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules called proteins. Which of the following elements most often compose proteins? A carbon and hydrogen B carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen C carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen D carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus 29 The compound synthesized during photosynthesis is — A H2 O B C 6 H12O6 C CO2 D O2 30 Which biomolecule do living organisms use as energy storage? A carbohydrates B lipids C protein D nucleic acid Page 12 GO ON 31 What theory is illustrated by this diagram? A Cell Theory B Miller-Urey Theory C Endosymbiotic Theory D Darwin's Theory of Evolution 32 Which of the following structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not? A Vacuoles and cell membranes B Chloroplasts and mitochondria C Chloroplasts and cell walls D Cell walls and cell membranes Page 13 GO ON 33 Identify the organelle capable of reproducing independently within the cell. A W B X C Y D Z 34 Which of the following would complete the analogy: chloroplast : __________ :: __________ : __________ A respiration :: mitochondria : photosynthesis B respiration :: cell membrane: photosynthesis C photosynthesis :: cell membrane: respiration D photosynthesis :: mitochondria : respiration Page 14 GO ON 35 What compound is most likely found at W? A NADH B ATP C C 6 H12O6 D pyruvate 36 What is the purpose of ATP in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A To breakdown glucose to release energy B To work as an enzyme C To absorb electrons from water D To transfer energy from one molecule to another Page 15 GO ON 37 Which of the following is a graphical depiction of an example of active transport taking place? A B C D Page 16 GO ON 38 The diagram below illustrates a cellular process. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the above diagram? A Passage of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to equalize concentration B Transport of molecules across a membrane from a high to low concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule C Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient expending energy D Separation of suspended particles from a fluid environment through a porous membrane 39 The cellular process known as the sodium-potassium pump was discovered in the 1950s by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish scientist. This process is a form of active transport that moves three sodium ions to the outside of a cell for every two potassium ions that it moves into the cell. Which of these best explains why energy is needed for active transport? A Ions are negatively charged. B Ions are attached to large proteins. C Ions are trapped inside the plasma membrane. D Ions are moved against the concentration gradient. Page 17 GO ON 40 Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum? A The breakdown of waste material B The conversion of radiant energy to glucose C The synthesis of new proteins D The replication of nucleic acids 41 Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria? A Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules. B Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place. C Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions. D The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP. Page 18 GO ON 42 Identify the cell organelle and process. A ribosome, protein synthesis B chloroplast, photosynthesis C chromosome, DNA replication D mitochondrion, respiration 43 What types of energy are represented at S and X? A S - heat energy, X - chemical energy B S - light energy, X - electrical energy C S - ADP, X - ATP D S - light energy, X - heat energy Page 19 GO ON 44 What is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration? A glycolysis, electron transport chain, Krebs cycle B Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis C glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain D electron transport chain, Krebs cycle, glycolysis 45 What substance (X) initiates this stage of cellular respiration? A glucose B pyruvic acid C water D lactic acid Page 20 GO ON 46 Amoebas are one-celled organisms that live in water, mud, and in animals. These creatures have a flexible cell membrane filled with watery cytoplasm. The actions of the amoeba are directed by the nucleus. Contractile vacuoles store and discharge water. To move, the liquid cytoplasm streams to the edge of the cell wall and forms pseudopodia, or false feet. These pseudopodia surround the amoeba’s prey and engulf the food into a food vacuole where it is digested by enzymes. Which structure of the amoeba plays the main role in maintaining homeostasis with its watery environment? A nucleus B food vacuole C pseudopodium D contractile vacuole 47 Diffusion and osmosis are both vital to cell function. Diffusion and osmosis are similar in that they are both types of – A protein synthesis processes B passive transport processes C cellular replication processes D cellular metabolism processes Page 21 GO ON 48 Which cellular process would be affected first if the structure labeled 3 were destroyed? A photosynthesis B reproduction C respiration D transport Page 22 GO ON 49 A pond near the school was used in a study. Water was collected and tests were run that included a pH test. The tests over a period of six weeks indicated that the pH was increasing. Observations of the pond surface also showed that there was an increasing population of green water plants surrounding, and almost covering, certain portions of the pond. - What cellular process is the green aquatic plant most likely carrying out that would result in an increase in the pH of water? A respiration B photosynthesis C transpiration D reproduction Page 23 GO ON 50 A student put some drops of Lugol’s iodine solution into the water in the beaker shown above. The water turned red. After a short time, the starch solution inside the dialysis tubing turned black. Which function of the cell membrane was the student demonstrating? A facilitated diffusion of starch B active transport of hydrogen ions C diffusion through a permeable membrane D diffusion through a semipermeable membrane 51 Which statement applies to 52 Which structure can be found in both eukaryotic cells but not to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? prokaryotic cells? A Mitochondrion A B Nucleus C Chloroplast Utilize mitochondria during energy production B Flow of nutrients and wastes occurs across a membrane C D Nucleic acid Contain DNA as genetic material D Perform metabolic processes with the help of chemicals Page 24 GO ON 53 Which of these is a defining 55 characteristic in a eukaryotic cell? animal cells. Which cellular structure A presence of a membrane bound in plant cells is most responsible for nucleus this characteristic? B DNA is present A vacuole C absence of membrane bound B cell wall mitochondria C chloroplast D reproduces asexually 54 Plant cells are much less flexible than What is the function of the cell wall in D cell membrane 56 Which structures, if found in a cell, a plant cell? would provide the best evidence that A contain waste products of the the cell is eukaryotic? cell A Chromosomes generate the cell's supply of B Cell Walls energy C Carbohydrates control the functions of the cell D Internal Membranes B C D provide structural support and protection Page 25 GO ON 57 58 Students grow bacteria in a Petri dish containing agar that has been divided into four sections. After the bacterial colonies are established, the students place a drop of rubbing alcohol in each section. The students hypothesize that the alcohol will inhibit bacterial growth. At the end of twenty-four hours, students observe that there are fewer and smaller colonies of bacteria in each section. A student concludes that the The cell structure labeled X is found only in – hypothesis was supported. How could the experimental setup be changed to strengthen the student's A animal cells B eukaryotic cells C plant cells D prokaryotic cells conclusion? A by increasing the temperature B by adding a control group C by measuring the size of the drop of alcohol on each section D by using different brands of rubbing alcohol Page 26 GO ON 59 The timeline below summarizes work by various scientists from 1838 to 1855. Their contributions resulted in the – A Cell Theory B Endosymbiotic Theory C Germ Theory of Disease D Ohno's Law 60 Which scientist is responsible for describing the process occurring at Y? A Carolus Linnaeus B Theodor Schwann C Hans Kreb D Edward Jenner Page 27 GO ON 61 What is the main purpose of the Krebs Cycle in a cell? A To produce energy-carrier molecules such as NADH and FADH2 B To convert FAD molecules into water to nourish the cell membrane C To rid the cell of citric acid to prevent buildup of waste product D To deplete the cell of oxygen and carbon dioxide by producing NADH Page 28 GO ON 62 Which of the following is a correct graphical representation of the organizational levels of a biological system, with the outside being the physically largest type? A B C D Page 29 GO ON 63 A student reads a label that states, 64 A student reads the following "This sports drink will help you keep advertisement for a cooking oil: going through a tough workout, "Now you can enjoy your favorite restoring essential vitamins and foods and feel good about it. Clinical minerals to your body during tests have shown that our light- exercise." tasting cooking oil can help you Based on this claim, the student is maintain a healthy weight as part of able to conclude that the sports a sensible diet. You no longer need drink contains – to sacrifice the taste of the foods A carbohydrates you love." B vitamins B, C, and D C some types of vitamins and conclusion the student can make minerals about this cooking oil? D the recommended daily amount Based on this claim, which of the following is the most likely A of vitamins and minerals This is the best tasting cooking oil on the market. B This cooking oil is the healthiest oil a person can use to fry foods. C Use of this oil will cause everyone who uses it to lose weight without exercise. D Use of this oil, combined with wise food choices, will help a person lose weight. Page 30 GO ON 65 Nested Venn Diagram Identify the Venn diagram section(s) which include(s) prokaryotic cells. A I B II, III, IV C I, II, III, IV D IV 66 What additional characteristic (X) belongs in the central section of the Venn diagram? A Ribosome B Mitochondrion C Chloroplast D Endoplasmic reticulum Page 31 GO ON 67 Which of the following molecules is formed from a product of photosynthesis? A B C D Page 32 GO ON 68 Which is the MOST valid conclusion based on this graph? A Enzyme action is constant regardless of temperature. B Enzymes require low temperatures in order to function. C Enzymes function most efficiently at high temperatures. D Enzyme action decreases after a certain favorable temperature. Page 33 GO ON 69 Oxygen Production Distance from Oxygen Bubbles Light (cm) Per Minute 10 38 20 21 30 8 40 ? 50 2 Students in a biology class placed a water plant in bright light and counted the number of bubbles of oxygen it produced per minute. They repeated the test with the same plant at various distances from the light. Their results are shown in the chart above. The students forgot to record the number of bubbles that the plant produced at 40cm. Which of the following is the most likely number of bubbles produced at 40cm? A 17 B 7 C 4 D 1 Page 34 GO ON 70 71 Students in a biology class are preparing wet mounts of onion skin cells to observe with a compound light microscope. Which of the following sets of supplies would be most appropriate for this activity? A a prepared slide, methylene blue, and a toothpick B a microscope slide, water, and a cover slip Based on the food web, which of the C following is most likely responsible water for the rabbit population trend as D a cover slip, razor blade, and shown in the graph? A decrease in fox population B decrease in amount of grass C increase in number of acorns D increase in squirrel population a depression slide, scissors, and water 72 Read the statement below. If proteins are synthesized on ribosomes, then enzymes that destroy RNA will inhibit protein production in the cell. If the above statement were used in an experimental design, which term would describe the role of the phrase "enzymes that destroy RNA" in the experiment? A hypothesis B dependent variable C conclusion D independent variable Page 35 GO ON 73 An engineer has created a new 74 A student uses small, thin tubes series of tire designs for a specific made of semipermeable membranes Formula One race car. It is that are filled with iodine, glucose, necessary to know which tire design and starch solutions to see how fast will allow the car to run at its peak each solution will diffuse out of the performance. Which experimental tubes. Which of the following is a design is best for this investigation? hypothesis that could be tested A Use one tire design on the car using this experimental design? and measure its performance. A B Use one tire design on many affect the rate it will diffuse out types of cars and measure their of the tube? performances. C Does the size of the molecule B The time it takes large and small Use the various tire designs on molecules to diffuse out of the the car and measure tube will be recorded and performance against the compared. standard tires. D Use only conventional tire C If the rate of diffusion through a cellulose tube depends on the designs to measure size of the molecules, then performance. smaller molecules will diffuse out of the tube faster. D Cellulose tubes containing iodine, glucose, and starch will be placed in a beaker of water, and after one hour, the water will be tested for the presence of the three materials. Page 36 GO ON 75 Which of these statements is a 77 What do glycolysis, fermentation, theory? and cellular respiration have in A The heart pumps deoxygenated common? blood to the lungs. A B C which cells obtain or use energy. All living things are composed of at least one cell, and the cell is All are metabolic pathways by B All require oxygen to break the fundamental unit of function molecular bonds for ATP in all organisms. production. Cell phones, due to the electromagnetic radiation they emit, may cause brain cancer. D Eye color is genetically C All processes occur in all living organisms. D All produce relatively equal amounts of ATP. determined. 76 When is a hypothesis accepted as a theory by the scientific community? A A well-stated hypothesis and related theory are both acceptable because they are considered interchangeable. B A disproven hypothesis that has been corrected and restated is considered a theory. C A hypothesis becomes a theory after repeated tests accumulate sufficient evidence to support the hypothesis. D A testable hypothesis confirmed by two scientists results in a theory. Page 37 GO ON 78 Which of the following are true regarding scientific theories such as the Cell Theory? I. Scientific theories are well established and reliable. II. Scientific theories have been examined by multiple researchers. III. Scientific theories are subject to change when new evidence is inconsistent with, or cannot be explained by, current theory. IV. Scientific theories have changed over time. A I & II B II only C II & III D I, II, III & IV 79 The process of glycolysis is followed by fermentation when anaerobic conditions exist. There are two main types of fermentation. The equations for each type are shown below. The “?” shown in the image above represents the product(s) for each type of reaction. What products do the two question marks (“?”) represent in each type of fermentation? A Type 1: lactic acid; Type 2: glucose B Type 1: CO2 + H2O; Type 2: alcohol C Type 1: lactic acid; Type 2: alcohol + CO2 D Type 1: lactase; Type 2: ethyl alcohol Page 38 GO ON 80 81 The concept map below shows the flow of energy and materials in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Choose the terms that complete the diagram at X and Y. A X-oxygen, Y-carbon dioxide B X-energy, Y-carbon dioxide C X-water, Y-energy D X-energy, Y-energy Which molecules are represented in the figure by the number 2? A H2O and O2 B H2O and CO2 C sugars and O2 D sugars and CO2 Page 39 GO ON 82 The table below shows the main reactions of photosynthesis. The following information is missing from the table: • Location and products of light-dependent reactions • Reactants of light-independent reactions Where would ATP be listed within this table? A 1 and 2 B 2 only C 3 only D 2 and 3 Page 40 GO ON 83 A teacher set up a demonstration with 5 fermentation flasks filled with the solutions listed below. She added 10 ml of yeast solution to each flask, and students observed the flasks every 10 minutes for the rest of the class period. What was the purpose of the demonstration? A To observe the conversion of sugars into ethanol by yeast B To test for lactic acid production during fermentation C To compare the fermentation of substrates by yeast D To investigate the fermentation of various concentrations of carbohydrates 84 Which of the following 85 Which of the following molecules are macromolecules are a prominent needed for photosynthesis? part of animal connective tissue such A light and oxygen B carbon dioxide and oxygen C water and carbon dioxide as cartilage and keratin? A carbohydrates B lipids C proteins D glucose and oxygen D nucleic acids Page 41 GO ON 86 A person is asked to run on a treadmill for two hours so data can be gathered on how lactic acid accumulates in the human body. The results are placed in the table below. Using the information in the table, determine how the respiration of the person has changed throughout the run. A The data shows that the cells started with aerobic respiration, but changed to anaerobic respiration when the oxygen level decreased in the body. B The data shows that the cells started with anaerobic respiration, but changed to aerobic respiration when the oxygen level increased in the body. C The data shows that the cells started with aerobic respiration, but changed to anaerobic respiration when the oxygen level increased in the body. D The data shows that the cells started with anaerobic respiration, but changed to aerobic respiration when the oxygen level decreased in the body. Page 42 GO ON 87 Which statement accurately 89 A scientist makes a hypothesis and describes the role of key organelles then conducts an experiment. The in energy transfer? scientist discovers that the A Energy is captured and stored in experiment does not support the the nucleus and released in the claim. What should the scientist do? chloroplast. A B achieve the expected outcome Energy is captured and stored in the nucleus and released in the B mitochondria. C Change the experiment to Alter the results, assuming there were errors during the procedure Energy is captured and stored in C the chloroplast and released in Run more trials to see if the results are the same each time the mitochondria. D Change the hypothesis to a D Energy is captured and stored in theory the mitochondria and released in the chloroplast. 90 Which statement best describes a testable hypothesis? A It is an assumption which includes a value judgment by the 88 experimenter. Students conducted a lab using four test tubes, an agar solution, tin foil, B It is an expression of a and diluted pond water. Which of relationship between observable these materials should be cleaned and measurable variables. and stored for reuse? A tin foil B test tube C agar solution C It is a statement that has no basis for comparison. D It is a general explanation based on large amounts of collected data. D diluted pond water Page 43 GO ON 91 Science has limitations, because — A 93 Before beginning an experiment, the it cannot explain things that are teacher reminds the students how outside the realm of science, as to use the safety equipment shown they deal with phenomena that below. are not scientifically testable B it can only make decisions regarding moral judgments that individual people struggle with C it is only allowed to make decisions about how to apply science D investigations that don't reach a firm conclusion are useless 92 Which material should be disposed of after a lab, rather than being reused or recycled? A Test tube that had held salt water B Cotton swab used to collect cheek cells C Scalpel used to dissect plant specimens D Large opened bottle of rubbing Which of the following pieces of safety equipment is most likely needed for this lab? A helmet B goggles C heavy gloves D fire extinguisher alcohol Page 44 GO ON 94 Science uses evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process. As new technology is created, physical, mathematical, and conceptual models sometimes are changed. Why is this? A The new technology may uncover more in-depth and accurate information than what was previously understood by scientists. B Science only allows certain ideas to be studied based on the evidence of their findings. The changes in theory that are made are based solely on these ideas. C The world is dynamic; as it changes, so do scientific beliefs. D Each new generation of scientists has different ideas. Experiments and the thoughts behind the experiments from past scientists are usually not considered important. 95 You are testing food solutions for 96 Students in biology lab examined carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. cells under a microscope. After the Some of the tests require a hot lab, the glass slides holding the cells plate and glassware. What safety should be – precaution should be observed in A disposed of in the trash B washed in the sink and reused C washed in the sink and discarded this situation? A Wait at least 60 minutes after testing before touching hot glassware. B D disposed of in a special container Use maximum heat setting for testing all solutions. C Use only heat-resistant glassware without cracks. D Continue heating solutions until all solvent has evaporated. Page 45 GO ON 97 Under what laboratory conditions are these precautions applicable? I. Wear gloves, aprons, and goggles. II. Work in a well-ventilated area. III. Use caution with sharp objects. A Observing live specimens under a stereoscope B Dissecting preserved specimens C Classifying specimens with a dichotomous key D Testing unknown substances using chemicals 98 To learn about airborne bacteria, students leave four open Petri dishes filled with agar sitting on a table. At the end of the day, the dishes are covered and then incubated at 38ºC for several days. The most important reason to wear latex gloves when handling the Petri dishes is to keep from – A spreading bacteria to other Petri dishes in the lab area B being poisoned by the agar in the Petri dishes C contaminating the Petri dishes with skin-borne bacteria D exposing the nutrient agar to oils that could denature the agar Page 46 GO ON 99 Use the information below to answer the question. MSDS Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer components: ammonium sulfate boiling point: N/A specific gravity: 1.77 evaporation rate: not determined reactivity in water: will not evolve flammable or toxic gas explosion hazard: explosion hazards when mixed with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium nitrite exposure: inhalation of dust and vapor can cause throat irritation; contact with the skin can cause irritation; contact with eyes can cause pain; ingestion can cause nausea and vomiting other: decomposes at 235º; not a carcinogen Students are preparing potted plants for an experiment. Their workspace contains only a bag of ammonium sulfate fertilizer, a bag of soil, seeds, clay pots, and a sink. Which of the following pieces of safety equipment should be available for this experiment? A fire extinguisher B eyewash station C bucket of sand D baking soda Page 47 GO ON 100 What equation describes the process occurring at B? A H2 O + CO2 → C6 H12O6 + H2 O B H2 O + CO2 → C6 H12O6 + O2 C H2 O + O2 → C6 H12O6 + CO2 D O2 + C6 H12O6 → H2 O + CO2 101 Which of the following lists two requirements needed for the reactions of both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration? A molecular oxygen and enzymes B molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide C electron transport system and enzymes D electron transport system and molecular carbon dioxide Page 48 BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS ON YOUR ANSWER DOCUMENT STOP