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11/16/16 Types of Cellular Transport Wee!!! • Passive Transport cell doesn t use energy Passive & Active Transport Notes Page ____ high 1. Diffusion (particles) 2. Facilitated Diffusion (transport proteins) 3. Osmosis (water) • Active Transport cell does use energy low This is gonna be hard work!! high 1. Protein Pumps (transport) 2. Endocytosis (enter) 3. Exocytosis (exit) Passive Transport: 1. Diffusion Passive Transport • • • cell uses no energy molecules move randomly Molecules spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Simple Diffusion Animation 1. Diffusion: random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (High to Low) • (High!Low) low Diffusion continues until all molecules are evenly spaced (equilibrium is reached)-Note: molecules will still move around but stay spread out. 1 11/16/16 Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion A B 2. Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles with HELP from a transport proteins a. Transport Proteins are Facilitated specific – they select diffusion only certain molecules (Channel to cross the membrane Protein) b. Transports larger or charged molecules (sugar) Cellular Transport From aHigh Concentration High Channel Proteins animations " Cell Membrane Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) Carrier Protein Passive Transport: 3. Osmosis Glucose molecules Osmosis animation Low Concentration Protein channel Low Transport Go to Section: Through a Protein ! How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure • Paramecium (protist) removing excess water video • Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure. • 3.Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water moves from high to low concentrations • A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. • Water moves freely through pores. • Solute (green) to large to move across. • Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate. • Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water. 2 11/16/16 Active Transport Types of Active Transport • cell uses energy (ATP) • actively moves molecules to where they are needed • Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (Low ! High) Types of Active Transport 2. Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell • Uses energy • Cell membrane in-folds around food particle Aka: cell eating • forms food vacuole & digests food (This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!) 1. Protein Pumps transport proteins that require energy to do work • Example: Sodium / Potassium Pumps are important in nerve responses. Sodium Potassium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins) Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy! 2 Types of Endocytosis… 1) Phagocytosis: large PARTICLES are engulfed 2) Pinocytosis: WATER drops are engulfed 3 11/16/16 Types of Active Transport 3. Exocytosis: Forces material out of cell in bulk • membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane • Cell changes shape – requires energy EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations Compare: Passive to Active Transport • Passive Transport -Moves from HIGH to LOW 3 Types: 1) Diffusion- particles move from H to L 2) Osmosis- water moves from H to L 3) Facilitated Diffusionparticles move from H to L with the HELP of transport protein REQUIRES NO ENERGY (ATP) • Active Transport Moves from LOW to HIGH 3 Types: 1) Endocytosis- particles into the cell 2) Exocytosis- particles exists the cell 3) Protein Pump- particles moves with HELP of a transport protein with ATP REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP) Exit Ticket 1. (Passive/Active) Transport is from High to Low. 2. (Passive/Active) Transport requires Energy. 3. ______________ transports proteins across a membrane and requires energy. 4. (Osmosis/Diffusion) water moves from High to Low. 5. (Osmosis/Endocytosis) particles moves from Low to High. 4