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Electricity and Magnetism closely related Intro to Magnetism Objectives/Syllabus Refs: 6.3.1: State that moving charges give rise to magnetic fields. 6.3.2: Draw magnetic field patterns due to currents. 6.3.5: Define the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field. Magnets exert forces On other magnets or iron objects Over a distance Attractive or repulsive Discovered relationship in 19th century First magnetic rocks discovered 2000 years ago in “Magnesia” 12th century Chinese used them to make compasses and navigate Today many uses: electric motors and generators Magnets have two poles North and South Can’t be isolated Opposites attract, like poles repel 1 Magnetic Fields (B) Represented Direction by field lines indicated by N compass needle Direction of force is tangent to that point Magnitude by concentration of lines Sims/Diffs Sims/Diffs w/ electric and gravitational Electric current and magnetic field 1820 Hans Christian Oersted Magnetic field is in a circle around a current carrying wire RightRight-Hand Rule Grip wire with right hand with thumb in direction of conventional current, current, fingers will wrap in direction of magnetic field. 2 Moving electric charges cause magnetism Electron spin and revolution Cancelled out in most substances, not in iron Domains and magnets Currents are electron motion = magnetism 3