Download notes - Mr. Parish

Perception- the interpretation of
sensory information.
Gestalt- a meaningful whole
Illusion- misinterpretation of sensory
information
Subliminal- sensory information below
level of awareness
Pavlov’s Dog
Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov is my Dog
John Watson and Little Albert
Systematic Desensitization
Mary Cover Jones
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
Stimulus Generalization
Extinction
• A conditioned response/behavior ceases
Spontaneous Recovery
• An extinct response suddenly returns after
exposure to previously conditioned stimulus
after a rest period.
• Extinction occurs more quickly after
spontaneous recovery.
B.F. Skinner
BF Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcers
• Primary (unconditioned)
– Food, Water, Sex
• Secondary (conditioned)
–
–
–
–
Paired with primary reinforcer
Money
Clicker
Car (think of the commercials)
Behaviorists
C
PAVLOV
C
WATSON
O
SKINNER
Operant Conditioning
+
Reinforcement
Punishment
-
Classical versus Operant
• Learning through the association of two
stimuli (i.e. bell and food, mouse and loud
noise)
• Learning based on consequences of actions
(i.e. good boy have some candy)
Martin Seligman- Learned Helplessness
Classical versus Operant
• Classical (Respondent)
– Learning through the association of two stimuli
(i.e. bell and food, mouse and loud noise)
– Behavior is reflexive
• Operant
– Learning based on consequences of actions
(i.e. good boy have some candy)
– Behavior is controlled or “operates on the
environment”
Classical versus Operant
Your father gives you a credit card at the end
of your first year in college because you did
so well. As a result, your grades continue to
get better in your second year.
Classical versus Operant
When you were little the loud noises at the
circus sacred you. Ever since you have
been afraid of clowns
Classical versus Operant
A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair
and jump through a hoop to receive a food
treat.
Classical versus Operant
Your car has a red, flashing light that blinks
annoyingly if you start the car without
buckling the seat belt. You become less
likely to start the car without buckling the
seat belt.
Classical versus Operant
A professor has a policy of exempting
students from the final exam if they
maintain perfect attendance during the
quarter. His students’ attendance increases
dramatically.
Systematic Desensitization
Schedules of Reinforcement
Fixed
Ratio
Interval
Variable
Albert Bandura
• "Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to
mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on
the effects of their own actions to inform them what
to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned
observationally through modeling: from observing
others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are
performed, and on later occasions this coded
information serves as a guide for action."
Bandura- Modeling-Bobo Doll
Social Learning
Vicary Subliminal Ads
Writer A
A
A
A
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Writer B
R
R
A
R
R
R
A
R
R
A
Albert Bandura
MODELING
Our Journey
•Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch
at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it
deosn't mttaer in waht oredr
the ltteers in a wrod are, the
olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht
the frist and lsat ltteer be at
the rghit pclae. The rset can
be a toatl mses and you can
sitll raed it wouthit porbelm.
Tihs is bcuseae the huamn
mnid deos not raed ervey
lteter by istlef, but the wrod
as a wlohe.
perception
Conditioning/learning
memory