Download Science EQT Study Guide: 2nd Quarter

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Science EQT Study Guide: 2nd Quarter
Question
A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to become drier.
As a result, the grasses that cover the island change from dark green to light
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brown. Over time, how might a species of green toads that hide in the grasses
and are subject to predation respond to these changes?
A river caused one population of giraffes to become separated into two
2 populations. Members of these two populations were later brought together
but were not able to breed. What is this an example of?
A storm blew several butterfly-eating birds to a distant island. The island,
which previously had no birds, was filled with butterflies of all colors. One year
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later, all of the butterflies were dark green and brown. What is a likely
explanation for the change in the butterfly population?
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Over time, animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response
to changes in the environment. What is this called?
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What is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their
environment survive and reproduce more successfully than others do?
When an effective insecticide is used on a population of insects, most of the
6 insects are killed. However, a few may survive due to genes that make them
resistant to the insecticide. What is the BEST explanation of why this occurs?
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What symbiotic relationship is characterized by organisms that help each
other?
8 A cell that has lost its chromosomes will be unable to do what?
9 How many chromosomes are present in a normal human sex cell?
10 How would a gene be described?
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If the body cells of an organism have 10 chromosomes, then the sex cells
produced during meiosis would have ______ chromosomes.
12 On what structure are genes found?
13 The function of chromosomes is directly related to what?
14 What is heredity?
15 What makes up chromosomes?
16 How can the process of meiosis be described?
17 Mitosis produces __________ while meiosis produces __________.
18 Unlike mitosis, what is the end result of meiosis?
19 What is the haploid number of chromosomes for a human sperm or egg cell?
20 What is the number of chromosomes in a body cell (somatic) known as?
Answer
Period _____
21 What occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis?
22 How is DNA like RNA? How is it different?
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If a scientist is trying to decide if a molecule is RNA or DNA, for what should
he test?
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What type of mutation has occurred if a DNA sequence that initially reads
ATTGCCGAT now reads ATTGCCAT after being copied?
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What type of mutation has occurred if a DNA sequence that initially reads
ATTGCCGAT now reads ATTGCCAGAT after being copied?
A pea plant has alleles for green and yellow seed colors. According to
26 Mendel's law of segregation of characteristics, what must a gamete of the
plant carry?
A pea plant has white flowers and yellow seeds. What does Mendel's law of
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independent assortment say about these traits?
A poodle with black fur (BB) is crossed with a poodle with brown fur (bb).
28 Using a Punnett square, what is the probability (percentage) that the offspring
will be black?
29 All characteristics are determined by what?
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Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells & offspring independently
of one another. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws?
An organism with the genotype Dd is crossed with an organism of the same
31 genotype. Using a Punnett square, what is the RATIO of offspring displaying
the dominant allele to offspring displaying the recessive allele?
During the formation of gametes, the 2 alleles responsible for a trait separate
from each other. Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization,
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producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring. This is an example of
which of Mendel's laws?
If 2 first-generation self-pollinating plants are crossed (Pp x Pp) what is the
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PROBABILITY that offspring plants will show the recessive trait, pp?
If you cross 2 rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how many possible
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genotypes can be found in the offspring?
In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits (one is dominant, one
is recessive), only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation.
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Offspring that are hybrid (heterozygous) for a trait will have only the dominant
trait in the phenotype. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws?
In a plant, tall (D) is the dominant allele. Short (d) is the recessive allele.
Which genotype would a short offspring have?
In DNA, what can be said about the amount of thymine (T) as compared to the
37 amount of adenine (A)? What is said about the amount of cytosine (C) as
compared to guanine (G)?
The likelihood that an offspring will have a genetic disorder, such as sickly cell
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disease, depends on what factors?
What are the possible genotypes of the offspring if you cross a white flower
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(pp) with a purple flower (PP)?
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40 When does a mutation occur?
41 Which of the following is a strand of DNA?
43 What do each of the following symbols mean in a pedigree?
Study the genetic code: A T G C A C C A T G
In order
44 for this code to represent a piece of RNA, which base must be replaced by
uracil?
A tomato plant has 24 chromosomes in its egg cells. How many
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chromosomes are found in a leaf cell from the same plant?
46 What is not a possible function of chromosomes?
47 Which trait is not determined by chromosomes?
How does the number of chromosomes in egg and sperm cells at the end of
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meiosis compare with that in body cells?
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A relative of the giraffe called an okapi has 44 chromosomes in its skin cells.
How many chromosomes does a female okapi have in her egg cells?
A scientist determines that a specific plant's reproductive cells have 20
50 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do its non-reproductive cells
contain?
51 Which statement describes the beginning and end products of meiosis?
52 Which nucleic acids are present in both DNA and RNA?
A DNA molecule is being transcribed onto a RNA molecule. The next base to
53 be transcribed on the DNA sequence is adenine. Which base will be the
complement in the RNA molecule?
Which statement describes a species variation that could be created by
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interspecies interactions?
The sperm cells of a squirrel have 20 chromosomes. How many
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chromosomes are found in a body cell of the same animal?
The reproductive system allows for production of offspring and the
56 continuation of life. What is true of sexual reproduction that brings together
genetic material from two parents?
What is MOST likely reason that has caused many organisms in the
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Galapagos Islands to evolve into becoming a new species?
A parent cell has 24 chromosomes. After meiosis, how many chromosomes
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will each daughter cell have?
What is the process in which a parent cell divides twice and produces sex
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cells?
What process produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the
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parent cell?
61 Which statement best distinguishes between mitosis and meiosis?
62 How are RNA and DNA involved in making proteins?
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RNA, like DNA, consists of a long chain of nucleotides. What makes up these
nucleotides?
64 What best describes insertion or deletion mutations?
What types of mutation is this?
CTG
G A G -------> C T G G G G
A dog has alleles for fur color and tail length. The inheritance of one allele
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does not affect the other. The is an example of which of Mendel's laws?
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67 Diana was born with Downs syndrome. What caused Diana's condition?
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Study the diagram below. Part of a chromosome breaks off; it is broken down
by the cell and lost forever. As a result of this process, what will most likely
happen to the cell?
Which components are part of the figure below?
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Study the cell below. What is a function of the cell part labeled X?
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