* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Science EQT Study Guide: 2nd Quarter
Survey
Document related concepts
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Neocentromere wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name _______________________________________ Date ________________ Science EQT Study Guide: 2nd Quarter Question A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to become drier. As a result, the grasses that cover the island change from dark green to light 1 brown. Over time, how might a species of green toads that hide in the grasses and are subject to predation respond to these changes? A river caused one population of giraffes to become separated into two 2 populations. Members of these two populations were later brought together but were not able to breed. What is this an example of? A storm blew several butterfly-eating birds to a distant island. The island, which previously had no birds, was filled with butterflies of all colors. One year 3 later, all of the butterflies were dark green and brown. What is a likely explanation for the change in the butterfly population? 4 Over time, animals may change behavior or physical appearance in response to changes in the environment. What is this called? 5 What is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than others do? When an effective insecticide is used on a population of insects, most of the 6 insects are killed. However, a few may survive due to genes that make them resistant to the insecticide. What is the BEST explanation of why this occurs? 7 What symbiotic relationship is characterized by organisms that help each other? 8 A cell that has lost its chromosomes will be unable to do what? 9 How many chromosomes are present in a normal human sex cell? 10 How would a gene be described? 11 If the body cells of an organism have 10 chromosomes, then the sex cells produced during meiosis would have ______ chromosomes. 12 On what structure are genes found? 13 The function of chromosomes is directly related to what? 14 What is heredity? 15 What makes up chromosomes? 16 How can the process of meiosis be described? 17 Mitosis produces __________ while meiosis produces __________. 18 Unlike mitosis, what is the end result of meiosis? 19 What is the haploid number of chromosomes for a human sperm or egg cell? 20 What is the number of chromosomes in a body cell (somatic) known as? Answer Period _____ 21 What occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis? 22 How is DNA like RNA? How is it different? 23 If a scientist is trying to decide if a molecule is RNA or DNA, for what should he test? 24 What type of mutation has occurred if a DNA sequence that initially reads ATTGCCGAT now reads ATTGCCAT after being copied? 25 What type of mutation has occurred if a DNA sequence that initially reads ATTGCCGAT now reads ATTGCCAGAT after being copied? A pea plant has alleles for green and yellow seed colors. According to 26 Mendel's law of segregation of characteristics, what must a gamete of the plant carry? A pea plant has white flowers and yellow seeds. What does Mendel's law of 27 independent assortment say about these traits? A poodle with black fur (BB) is crossed with a poodle with brown fur (bb). 28 Using a Punnett square, what is the probability (percentage) that the offspring will be black? 29 All characteristics are determined by what? 30 Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells & offspring independently of one another. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws? An organism with the genotype Dd is crossed with an organism of the same 31 genotype. Using a Punnett square, what is the RATIO of offspring displaying the dominant allele to offspring displaying the recessive allele? During the formation of gametes, the 2 alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization, 32 producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws? If 2 first-generation self-pollinating plants are crossed (Pp x Pp) what is the 33 PROBABILITY that offspring plants will show the recessive trait, pp? If you cross 2 rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how many possible 34 genotypes can be found in the offspring? In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits (one is dominant, one is recessive), only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation. 35 Offspring that are hybrid (heterozygous) for a trait will have only the dominant trait in the phenotype. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws? In a plant, tall (D) is the dominant allele. Short (d) is the recessive allele. Which genotype would a short offspring have? In DNA, what can be said about the amount of thymine (T) as compared to the 37 amount of adenine (A)? What is said about the amount of cytosine (C) as compared to guanine (G)? The likelihood that an offspring will have a genetic disorder, such as sickly cell 38 disease, depends on what factors? What are the possible genotypes of the offspring if you cross a white flower 39 (pp) with a purple flower (PP)? 36 40 When does a mutation occur? 41 Which of the following is a strand of DNA? 43 What do each of the following symbols mean in a pedigree? Study the genetic code: A T G C A C C A T G In order 44 for this code to represent a piece of RNA, which base must be replaced by uracil? A tomato plant has 24 chromosomes in its egg cells. How many 45 chromosomes are found in a leaf cell from the same plant? 46 What is not a possible function of chromosomes? 47 Which trait is not determined by chromosomes? How does the number of chromosomes in egg and sperm cells at the end of 48 meiosis compare with that in body cells? 49 A relative of the giraffe called an okapi has 44 chromosomes in its skin cells. How many chromosomes does a female okapi have in her egg cells? A scientist determines that a specific plant's reproductive cells have 20 50 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do its non-reproductive cells contain? 51 Which statement describes the beginning and end products of meiosis? 52 Which nucleic acids are present in both DNA and RNA? A DNA molecule is being transcribed onto a RNA molecule. The next base to 53 be transcribed on the DNA sequence is adenine. Which base will be the complement in the RNA molecule? Which statement describes a species variation that could be created by 54 interspecies interactions? The sperm cells of a squirrel have 20 chromosomes. How many 55 chromosomes are found in a body cell of the same animal? The reproductive system allows for production of offspring and the 56 continuation of life. What is true of sexual reproduction that brings together genetic material from two parents? What is MOST likely reason that has caused many organisms in the 57 Galapagos Islands to evolve into becoming a new species? A parent cell has 24 chromosomes. After meiosis, how many chromosomes 58 will each daughter cell have? What is the process in which a parent cell divides twice and produces sex 59 cells? What process produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the 60 parent cell? 61 Which statement best distinguishes between mitosis and meiosis? 62 How are RNA and DNA involved in making proteins? 63 RNA, like DNA, consists of a long chain of nucleotides. What makes up these nucleotides? 64 What best describes insertion or deletion mutations? What types of mutation is this? CTG G A G -------> C T G G G G A dog has alleles for fur color and tail length. The inheritance of one allele 66 does not affect the other. The is an example of which of Mendel's laws? 65 67 Diana was born with Downs syndrome. What caused Diana's condition? 68 Study the diagram below. Part of a chromosome breaks off; it is broken down by the cell and lost forever. As a result of this process, what will most likely happen to the cell? Which components are part of the figure below? 69 Study the cell below. What is a function of the cell part labeled X? 70