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Reisenauer
1
5/19/11
Test 3 – Study Guide
Ch 13 – Evolution and natural selection
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Describe the theory of evolution. What is natural selection?
Know the two proposals Darwin made in his book The Origin of Species.
What observations led Darwin to the theory of natural selection.
Know the main lines of evidence of evolution; be able to give examples.
Understand the 4 basic mechanisms of evolution: mutation, natural selection,
genetic drift, and gene flow (migration),.
What's the difference between natural selection, artificial selection and sexual
selection? Give examples of each.
Ch 14, 15 – Origin of life; evolution of simple organisms
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How do biologists define species? What are the limitations of this definition?
Describe the reproductive barriers between species.
How do biologists classify organisms? Understand the basics of taxonomy.
How are molecular biology and DNA sequence changing classification schemes?
Understand the 4-stage hypothesis for the origin of simple cells.
What was the conclusion of the Miller-Urey experiment?
When did life arise? What were the 1st forms of life? What are extremophiles and
where can they be found today?
Understand the hypotheses for the evolution of eukaryotic cells and multicellular
organisms.
What are the 2 branches of prokaryotes? Describe their ecological impact.
Know how prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes.
Ch 16–Evolution of plants
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Describe the characteristics of plants. Why are they called autotrophs?
Name some of the adaptations of plants for living on land.
Describe the 4 key innovations in the evolution of plants.
Why was the evolution of vascular tissue important? And seeds?
Know the characteristics of the 4 major groups of modern plants: bryophytes,
ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Give an example of each type of plant.
Know the basic parts of a flower and their functions. What are the functions of
flowers and fruit? Why are pollinators so important?
What is germination? Why do seeds go into a dormant period?
Name some of the ways humans use angiosperms.
Know the general characteristics of fungi and their ecological role.
Ch 17–Evolution of animals
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Name 4 basic features of animals.
Know the key adaptations in the evolution of the different phyla of animals.
Which 2 phyla contain the simplest animals? How are they different from other
animals?
Know the distinguishing features of the major invertebrate phyla.
Three separate phyla contain worms. What are these phyla and how do the
worms in each phylum differ?
What is the evolutionary advantage of segmentation?
Which phylum of animals is most successful or abundant?
Reisenauer
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5/19/11
What characteristics do all arthropods have in common?
Name the 3 main classes of arthropods. Which is the most abundant?
Which phyla of animals have exoskeletons? Which have endoskeletons? Know
what these terms mean.
What are the characteristics of the phylum Chordata? the subphylum vertebrata?
What is the evolutionary advantage of the notochord?
Describe the key adaptations of the different classes of vertebrates studied.
What is the evidence that humans evolved from primates?