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You are responsible for the following on the Bio 112 exam. You have yet to learn those parts which are in italics.
Bacteria
What are the domains under which bacteria are classified?
What are the kingdoms under which bacteria is classified. What is the difference between these 2 kingdoms?
Be able to label a bacterium.
What are the general characteristics of bacteria?
Describe the ways in which bacteria are classified.
Be able to name the various shapes of bacteria, including the prefixes. (ie. staphylococci)
Describe the significance of peptidoglygen.
Describe the 4 ways in which bacteria can get energy and carbon.
Define obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe and facultative anaerobe.
By what method do bacteria reproduce. Describe it.
What is conjugation?
How does a bacteria survive freezing?
Not included on exam: Protista and Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
How plants are classified
General characteristics of plants
Characteristics of each of the four phyla studied: Bryophyta, Pterophyta, Gynmosperms and Angiosperms.
In general, how members of each phyla reproduce. Know the life cycles of moss and ferns.
Describe alternation of generations
Xylum and phloem
RE: Angiosperms
Label diagram of flower and be able to briefly describe the function of each of the structures
How angiosperms reproduce (Describe fertilization )
Self-pollination and cross-pollination, including differences in adaptations of flowers that self-pollinate and those that
cross pollinate. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Describe seed dispersal, including the different kinds and the adaptations of seeds for a particular kind of dispersal.
Describe what a seed needs to germinate
In comparison to all the other plant phyla, and remembering that angiosperms were last to evolve on earth, what traits
have resulted in angiosperms being the most plentiful plant phyla?
Further groupings of Angiosperms:
Monocots and dicots
Annual, biennial, perennial
Woody and herbaceous
Miscellaneous
What are mitosis and meiosis? haploid and diploid? N and 2N?
Kingdom Animalia
General characteristics of animals
General needs/functions of animals.
What are the phyla, in order of their evolution, in the Kingdom Animalia?
Grouping of cells (cell, tissue, organ, organ system)
How are animals classified?
Early development:
- Zygote
- Blastula
- Blastopore: protostome & deuterostome
Three layers of germ cells
Kinds of symmetry and terminology re: area of specimen (anterior, posterior…)
Coelum (Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate)
Phylum Porifera:
Characteristics and structures
Be able to label a sponge and discuss how it meets its needs (the function of its various structures in terms of
meeting its needs).
Phylum Cnidaria:
General characteristics of the Phylum.
The four different classes of Cnidaria.
How Cnidaria meet their needs (the function of its structures in terms of meeting its needs)
Life cycle of a jellyfish (diagram and explanation).
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Phylum Nematoda and Phylum Annelida
Description and characteristics of each including how it meets its needs.
Diagrams of flatworm and earthworm
Phylum Arthropoda
The four classes of Arthropods
General charactistics of Arthropods
Phylum Chordata
The characteristics of Chordates
Body Systems:
The level of complexity within the body (cell, tissue, organ, organ system)
Digestive system: (Use the handout and diagram)
Nutrients-what are they and, in general, what purpose does each have?
What is the purpose of the digestive system?
Digestive tract, digestive system-Know the difference between them, the parts of each and the functions of
each structure.
Mechanical and chemical digestion: Difference between them, types, (use your charts), where they occur
Different types of nutrients and where in the digestive tract the digestion of each occurs
What enzymes and substances are used to digest each nutrient and what organs do these enzymes and
substances come from?
Be able to label a diagram of the digestive system.
What causes ulcers, diarrhea, constipation
Respiratory system:
What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
Be able to label a diagram of the respiratory system including the exchange of gases at the alveoli.
Describe the function of the respiratory system and how air moves through the structures of the system
and how carbon dioxide is excreted and oxygen is absorbed.
Explain how we breathe including the role of the diaphragm and the medulla oblongata. atmospheric
pressure.
Circulatory system:
What is the function of the circulatory system?
What type of circulatory system does a human have?
Be able to label a diagram of the heart and describe the function of each structure including the
pericardium, septum and myocardium.
Explain the pathway of blood as it moves into the heart from the body, though the right side of the heart,
into the lungs, back to the heart, away from the heart into the body.
What causes the lub/dub of the heartbeat?
What is blood pressure? What is normal blood pressure?
Describe the 3 types of vessels.
What is blood made of?
What two separate pathways are there in the circulatory system? (pulmonary and systemic)
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node and what does it do?
Excretory System:
What is the function of the excretory system?
What the structures of the excretory system?
What is the impact of kidney failure?
Know the pig!!