Download Oppgaver til gruppetime torsdag 27. oktober.

Oppgaver til gruppetime torsdag 27. oktober.
1. Define the different seas and give some examples for each of them:
• Mediterranean sea
• Intercontinental sea
• Intracontinental sea
• Adjacent sea
2. Explain the principle behind the echo-sounder.
3. Describe the general layout of the ocean floor:
• Continental shelf
• Continental slope
• Deep-sea basin
• Seamounts
• Island arcs
• Deep-sea trenches
• Sub-sea mountain ridges
4. How are deep-sea trenches and sub-sea mountain ridges / island arcs created?
5. What is the name of the deepest deep-sea trench in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans
and where is it located?
6. In which ocean is the oldest oceanic crust likely to be found? Why?
7. A boat uses an echo-sounder to explore the ocean. The captain knows the sound-beam
has a speed of 4032 km h−1 , and finds that it takes 6.2 seconds for the beam to reach
the boat again. How deep is the ocean floor at this point?
8. What is the water molecule’s characteristics in terms of the:
• Shape
• Properties
9. Define the salinity in therms of the
• Ideal definition
• Chlorinity
• Electrical conductivity
10. If the salinity is 25.0, what is the chlorinity?
11. Define solubility.
12. Describe how the oxygen solubility varies with temperature and salinity.
13. Give and explain the sources of oxygen and distribution with depth.
14. What causes oxygen levels to decrease?
15. What happens in oxygen deficient areas? Give an example of a place where this occurs.
16. Why is clear ocean water blue, and coastal water greener?
17. Describe the different methods of measuring the temperature of seawater:
1
• Bucket
• Nansen bottle (reversing bottle)
• CTD instruments
18. Define sepcific heat and latent heat.
19. What factors can change the reflectivity of the sea?
20. What is Secchi disk depth?
21. Why is there such a difference in Secchi disk depth between summer and winter in the
Oslofjord?
22. What is the speed of light and sound in water?
23. Why is the speed of sound much higher in water than the speed of light?
24. How does the sound move in water?
25. What is a sonar? How is it different compared to an echo-sounder?
26. Describe the different types of ice:
• sea-ice
• land-ice
• shelf ice
27. Why can sea-ice be used for drinking water?
28. What is the freezing point of sea-water with a salinity of 35.0?
29. Describe the development of the difference ice types:
• ice-slush / grease ice
• Pancake ice
• Pack ice
• Pressure ridge / Hummock
30. How many percent of the iceberg’s volume will be above the sea surface?
2