Overwinter habitat selection by Antarctic krill under varying sea
... The northern Antarctic Peninsula region of the Southern Ocean is a bathymetrically-complex area with a variety of water currents that converge and mix around the South Shetland Islands, the tip of the peninsula at Joinville Island (JI), and within Bransfield Strait (BS; our Fig. 1; Jiang et al. 2013 ...
... The northern Antarctic Peninsula region of the Southern Ocean is a bathymetrically-complex area with a variety of water currents that converge and mix around the South Shetland Islands, the tip of the peninsula at Joinville Island (JI), and within Bransfield Strait (BS; our Fig. 1; Jiang et al. 2013 ...
Location and Areal Extent of Polynyas in the Bering and Chukchi Seas
... latent heat polynyas (also referred to as mechanically generare also suspected as being sites of relatively high primary ated or wind-driven polynyas) and sensible heat polynyas. Latent heat polynyas occurin regions where sea water is at the productivity (IAP2, 1989). The location and timing of poly ...
... latent heat polynyas (also referred to as mechanically generare also suspected as being sites of relatively high primary ated or wind-driven polynyas) and sensible heat polynyas. Latent heat polynyas occurin regions where sea water is at the productivity (IAP2, 1989). The location and timing of poly ...
Glacial geology of Bayan Har Shan, northeastern
... on glacial landforms and deposits older than the late last glaciation (e.g., Owen et al. 2005). To summarize, the concept of a plateau-scale Tibetan ice sheet during the LGM is generally rejected based on available dating evidence, and the presence of a unified plateauscale ice sheet at any other ti ...
... on glacial landforms and deposits older than the late last glaciation (e.g., Owen et al. 2005). To summarize, the concept of a plateau-scale Tibetan ice sheet during the LGM is generally rejected based on available dating evidence, and the presence of a unified plateauscale ice sheet at any other ti ...
Bering Strait Region Case Study
... Several programs currently provide sea ice forecasts and products. The National Ice Center (NIC) provides strategic and tactical ice information to government agencies. The National Weather Service (NWS) through the Alaska Region Ice Program provides information to the general public, state and loc ...
... Several programs currently provide sea ice forecasts and products. The National Ice Center (NIC) provides strategic and tactical ice information to government agencies. The National Weather Service (NWS) through the Alaska Region Ice Program provides information to the general public, state and loc ...
Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean
... (Maslanik et al., 2011; NRC, 2012). Atmospheric warming is a dominant force in the melting of ice, but melting by warming from underlying water masses is also possible. A 100 – 200 m thick surface layer of low-salinity, cold water protects the ice cover from more extensive melting by the warmer unde ...
... (Maslanik et al., 2011; NRC, 2012). Atmospheric warming is a dominant force in the melting of ice, but melting by warming from underlying water masses is also possible. A 100 – 200 m thick surface layer of low-salinity, cold water protects the ice cover from more extensive melting by the warmer unde ...
Early ice retreat and ocean warming may induce copepod
... Submodel components for ocean circulation, sea ice, pelagic ecosystem, and sea ice algae are online coupled in BIOMAS. The model is forced by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data that includes surface air temperature, ...
... Submodel components for ocean circulation, sea ice, pelagic ecosystem, and sea ice algae are online coupled in BIOMAS. The model is forced by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data that includes surface air temperature, ...
Project information Project number Innovation Fund Proposal
... and residues from in situ burning, liquefied natural gas, and other transportation-related contaminants affect processes across the OSA interface. The OSIM science objectives are organized under three broad categories: i) detection, ii) impacts, and iii) mitigation to develop an understanding of wha ...
... and residues from in situ burning, liquefied natural gas, and other transportation-related contaminants affect processes across the OSA interface. The OSIM science objectives are organized under three broad categories: i) detection, ii) impacts, and iii) mitigation to develop an understanding of wha ...
1994 arctic ocean section - CCHDO - University of California San
... of the Arctic in global change. The objective was thus to make those measurements that would best promote the analysis and modeling of the biological, chemical and physical systems related to the Arctic and global change, and the controlling processes in these systems: • Ocean properties pertinent t ...
... of the Arctic in global change. The objective was thus to make those measurements that would best promote the analysis and modeling of the biological, chemical and physical systems related to the Arctic and global change, and the controlling processes in these systems: • Ocean properties pertinent t ...
ArcCoML - Arctic Ocean Diversity
... Sea ice covers ~7x106 km2 in the summer and twice that in the winter (Walsh & Johnson 1979) with a decreasing trend in recent years (see below). Multi-year sea ice of 2-3m thickness covers about 50% of the Arctic Ocean, and nearly all of the central deep basins. Maximum thickness of >10m are reached ...
... Sea ice covers ~7x106 km2 in the summer and twice that in the winter (Walsh & Johnson 1979) with a decreasing trend in recent years (see below). Multi-year sea ice of 2-3m thickness covers about 50% of the Arctic Ocean, and nearly all of the central deep basins. Maximum thickness of >10m are reached ...
WGICA - ICES
... The fluxes and properties of water through the Atlantic and Pacific gateways need also to be taken into account when addressing physical and biological variability of the basins of the Arctic Ocean. The thematic scope of an IEA should include three main pressures or human activities: climate change, ...
... The fluxes and properties of water through the Atlantic and Pacific gateways need also to be taken into account when addressing physical and biological variability of the basins of the Arctic Ocean. The thematic scope of an IEA should include three main pressures or human activities: climate change, ...
CAGE Annual Report 2014 - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate
... That means that this area was land, it was Siberia. And Siberia was frozen. The permafrost on the ocean floor today was established in this period.” Last glacial maximum was the period in the history of the planet when ice sheets covered much of the Northern hemisphere. These ice sheets profoundly i ...
... That means that this area was land, it was Siberia. And Siberia was frozen. The permafrost on the ocean floor today was established in this period.” Last glacial maximum was the period in the history of the planet when ice sheets covered much of the Northern hemisphere. These ice sheets profoundly i ...
Projected changes in Arctic Ocean freshwater budgets
... in a series of different scenarios from a single climate model are fairly small. This is in part because the CO2 concentrations in the A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios are quite similar until year 2040, by which time much of the changes in the simulated freshwater budgets had already occurred. [8] For the ...
... in a series of different scenarios from a single climate model are fairly small. This is in part because the CO2 concentrations in the A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios are quite similar until year 2040, by which time much of the changes in the simulated freshwater budgets had already occurred. [8] For the ...
No Slide Title
... seconds long, – but they are certainly important seconds, – because during this time our species evolved • Homo sapiens ...
... seconds long, – but they are certainly important seconds, – because during this time our species evolved • Homo sapiens ...
Shelf Seas - International Arctic Science Committee
... Canadian rivers, and transport it to the deep Arctic Basin. The resulting 100 to 200 m thick layer of low-saline water covers the entire Arctic Ocean and serves a major role in sea-ice formation during freezing periods. Arctic shelf seas are active locations for sea-ice and brine formation, as evide ...
... Canadian rivers, and transport it to the deep Arctic Basin. The resulting 100 to 200 m thick layer of low-saline water covers the entire Arctic Ocean and serves a major role in sea-ice formation during freezing periods. Arctic shelf seas are active locations for sea-ice and brine formation, as evide ...
The annual cycle of surface CO2 and O2 in the Ross Sea
... southwestern Ross Sea along 76.5oS is presented in this study. From the surface data and sea ice concentrations annual sea-air fluxes of CO2 (-1.5±1.5 mol C m-2) and O2 (-3.7±3.0 mol C m-2) are calculated and confirmed by a mass balance approach which accounts for the total flux of CO2 (0.16±0.13) a ...
... southwestern Ross Sea along 76.5oS is presented in this study. From the surface data and sea ice concentrations annual sea-air fluxes of CO2 (-1.5±1.5 mol C m-2) and O2 (-3.7±3.0 mol C m-2) are calculated and confirmed by a mass balance approach which accounts for the total flux of CO2 (0.16±0.13) a ...
Temperature and substrates as interactive limiting factors for marine
... reduced in winter, growth and respiration may be increased experimentally either by raising the temperature or by increasing organic substrate concentrations, providing indirect evidence that the limitation is an effect of temperature on substrate uptake or assimilation. Experimental work with bacte ...
... reduced in winter, growth and respiration may be increased experimentally either by raising the temperature or by increasing organic substrate concentrations, providing indirect evidence that the limitation is an effect of temperature on substrate uptake or assimilation. Experimental work with bacte ...
Vertical nitrate fluxes in the Arctic Ocean
... sink and thus exports essential nutrients to depth. This flux is called export production. In this way, the world ocean is partitioned into a photic, nutrient poor surface layer and the aphotic, nutrient rich deeper layers. Without any further exchange processes between these two pools, nutrients wo ...
... sink and thus exports essential nutrients to depth. This flux is called export production. In this way, the world ocean is partitioned into a photic, nutrient poor surface layer and the aphotic, nutrient rich deeper layers. Without any further exchange processes between these two pools, nutrients wo ...
CAGE
... That means that this area was land, it was Siberia. And Siberia was frozen. The permafrost on the ocean floor today was established in this period.” Last glacial maximum was the period in the history of the planet when ice sheets covered much of the Northern hemisphere. These ice sheets profoundly i ...
... That means that this area was land, it was Siberia. And Siberia was frozen. The permafrost on the ocean floor today was established in this period.” Last glacial maximum was the period in the history of the planet when ice sheets covered much of the Northern hemisphere. These ice sheets profoundly i ...
Chapter 17 - Cenozoic - Quaternary
... 4. sea level fell and rose in response to glacier advances or retreats. 5. tremendous weight of glaciers causes continental crust to subside into mantle; bounces back when glaciers retreat. 6. large lakes were present in Pleistocene related to borders of glaciers. 7. current theory- onset of ice age ...
... 4. sea level fell and rose in response to glacier advances or retreats. 5. tremendous weight of glaciers causes continental crust to subside into mantle; bounces back when glaciers retreat. 6. large lakes were present in Pleistocene related to borders of glaciers. 7. current theory- onset of ice age ...
chapter_17. ppt - Louisiana State University
... – are the ones in Antarctica and Greenland, – but during the Pleistocene they covered – about 30 percent of Earth's land surface, – especially on the Northern Hemisphere continents ...
... – are the ones in Antarctica and Greenland, – but during the Pleistocene they covered – about 30 percent of Earth's land surface, – especially on the Northern Hemisphere continents ...
the Beaufort Sea - Pêches et Océans Canada
... Figure 10. Salinity of water near the seabed at locations near the edge (Site 2: 110 m), middle (Site 1: 55 m) and inner (Site 11: 35 m) Mackenzie Shelf. .......................... 18 Figure 11. Sea-surface temperature and salinity along the path of CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier in late September-early O ...
... Figure 10. Salinity of water near the seabed at locations near the edge (Site 2: 110 m), middle (Site 1: 55 m) and inner (Site 11: 35 m) Mackenzie Shelf. .......................... 18 Figure 11. Sea-surface temperature and salinity along the path of CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier in late September-early O ...
Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective
... erosive activities of a grounded ice sheet (SCAR, 1997). This distinction in average depth is of fundamental importance to the manner in which warm subpolar waters can or cannot go aboard the continental shelves and reach the periphery of the major ice sheets. Another distinct feature of the Antarct ...
... erosive activities of a grounded ice sheet (SCAR, 1997). This distinction in average depth is of fundamental importance to the manner in which warm subpolar waters can or cannot go aboard the continental shelves and reach the periphery of the major ice sheets. Another distinct feature of the Antarct ...
the north water polynya
... Seasonal and perennial sea ice constitutes an important habitat for the marine ecosystems of Greenland as well as throughout the Arctic marine ecoregions (Wilkenson et al. 2009). Polynyas and leads are areas of open water surrounded by sea ice that are highly productive and sustain a diverse and abu ...
... Seasonal and perennial sea ice constitutes an important habitat for the marine ecosystems of Greenland as well as throughout the Arctic marine ecoregions (Wilkenson et al. 2009). Polynyas and leads are areas of open water surrounded by sea ice that are highly productive and sustain a diverse and abu ...
Provenance changes between recent and glacial
... Land. The clay mineral assemblages in diamictons deposited during the last glacial period are distinctly different from those in corresponding surface sediments. This relationship indicates that glacial sediment sources were different from modern ones, which could reflect changes in the catchment ar ...
... Land. The clay mineral assemblages in diamictons deposited during the last glacial period are distinctly different from those in corresponding surface sediments. This relationship indicates that glacial sediment sources were different from modern ones, which could reflect changes in the catchment ar ...
stonehenge: glacial transport of bluestones now confirmed?
... geological publications from Ixer and Bevins which lead inexorably to the conclusion that the bluestones have come from many different sources, some of which are still unknown. Recent press releases from the University of Leicester (2) and from the National Museum of Wales and Aberystwyth Universit ...
... geological publications from Ixer and Bevins which lead inexorably to the conclusion that the bluestones have come from many different sources, some of which are still unknown. Recent press releases from the University of Leicester (2) and from the National Museum of Wales and Aberystwyth Universit ...
Sea ice
Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice, which has an even lower density). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth’s surface and about 12% of the world’s oceans. In the North, it is found in the Arctic Ocean, in areas just below it and in other cold oceans, seas and gulfs; in the Antarctic, it occurs in various areas around Antarctica (the continent). Much of the world's sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth's polar regions: the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean. Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent (see Climate change in the Arctic), a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology, including the ocean's ecosystems. Due to the action of winds, currents and temperature fluctuations, sea ice is very dynamic, leading to a wide variety of ice types and features. Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs, which are chunks of ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean. Depending on location, sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs.