Marine Traffic in the Arctic
... No commercial cargo ship has yet crossed the central Arctic Ocean. There are huge uncertainties as well as variations between different climate models trying to predict the development of ice conditions. In terms of any regular shipping on these routes, however, simulations indicate that the ice wil ...
... No commercial cargo ship has yet crossed the central Arctic Ocean. There are huge uncertainties as well as variations between different climate models trying to predict the development of ice conditions. In terms of any regular shipping on these routes, however, simulations indicate that the ice wil ...
Weathering-savannah, jewel, ethan, katie
... rocks and cracks them through an area close to the middle ...
... rocks and cracks them through an area close to the middle ...
Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
Selective retention in saline ice of extracellular polysaccharides
... ascribed to a non-selective physical process, whereby suspended ice crystals, known as frazil ice, rise through the water column to consolidate an ice layer at the surface and collect particulate matter indiscriminately as they ascend (Garrison and others, 1983, 1989). Evidence for a selective mecha ...
... ascribed to a non-selective physical process, whereby suspended ice crystals, known as frazil ice, rise through the water column to consolidate an ice layer at the surface and collect particulate matter indiscriminately as they ascend (Garrison and others, 1983, 1989). Evidence for a selective mecha ...
Full-Text PDF
... Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim datasets [32]. The six explanatory variables were selected by taking account of the correlation coefficients for sea ice concentration and multicollinearity among variables as well. The OLS regression models were useful in summarizing climatological patterns that can be ...
... Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim datasets [32]. The six explanatory variables were selected by taking account of the correlation coefficients for sea ice concentration and multicollinearity among variables as well. The OLS regression models were useful in summarizing climatological patterns that can be ...
Analysis of development, potential and importance of the Northern
... in the Arctic the ice growth was smaller and during summer months in the Arctic the increasing melting of ice was recorded. According to the research conducted, it is expected that the sea ice will continue to collect, mostly along the northern part of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland, while a ...
... in the Arctic the ice growth was smaller and during summer months in the Arctic the increasing melting of ice was recorded. According to the research conducted, it is expected that the sea ice will continue to collect, mostly along the northern part of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland, while a ...
Laurentide Ice Sheet
... we need to know however is the way these will respond to longer term changes such as variations in sea level or increases in temperature. Pertinent questions are: how much can sea level rise before it might cause the Antarctic Ice Sheet to surge. What volume of ice might be involved in such a surge. ...
... we need to know however is the way these will respond to longer term changes such as variations in sea level or increases in temperature. Pertinent questions are: how much can sea level rise before it might cause the Antarctic Ice Sheet to surge. What volume of ice might be involved in such a surge. ...
17 PC Review Exam 2
... 30. How do CO2 oscillations from ice cores compare with changes in ice volume, as recorded by δ18O records in marine sediments? a. CO2 is high when ice volume is high. b. CO2 is low when ice volume is high. c. CO2 lags ice volume by 41,000 years. d. CO2 shows small changes at glacial to interglacia ...
... 30. How do CO2 oscillations from ice cores compare with changes in ice volume, as recorded by δ18O records in marine sediments? a. CO2 is high when ice volume is high. b. CO2 is low when ice volume is high. c. CO2 lags ice volume by 41,000 years. d. CO2 shows small changes at glacial to interglacia ...
Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Abstract
... Ocean measurements from beneath the sea ice through the warm layers of the upper ocean are provided by ITPs that operated between September 2005 and August 2008 in the Canada Basin (in a region bounded by 74∘ N to 81∘ N and 130∘ W to 154∘ W). ITPs are automated profiling systems that are deployed in ...
... Ocean measurements from beneath the sea ice through the warm layers of the upper ocean are provided by ITPs that operated between September 2005 and August 2008 in the Canada Basin (in a region bounded by 74∘ N to 81∘ N and 130∘ W to 154∘ W). ITPs are automated profiling systems that are deployed in ...
Aerial observations of sea ice and melt ponds near the North Pole
... Ponds are discriminated from the surrounding pack ice because their albedos are substantially lower than snow or ice. In addition, the pond reflectance is greater in the blue portion of the spectrum than that in the red (Grenfell and Maykut, 1977). Using these criteria, pond pixels are classified (T ...
... Ponds are discriminated from the surrounding pack ice because their albedos are substantially lower than snow or ice. In addition, the pond reflectance is greater in the blue portion of the spectrum than that in the red (Grenfell and Maykut, 1977). Using these criteria, pond pixels are classified (T ...
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Background Some of the world`s most
... Communities may support development of Arctic oil and gas resources under the following conditions: o Resource development must contribute to improved living standards of local communities o Portion of oil companies’ profits are invested into local economy o Resources are developed in a way that p ...
... Communities may support development of Arctic oil and gas resources under the following conditions: o Resource development must contribute to improved living standards of local communities o Portion of oil companies’ profits are invested into local economy o Resources are developed in a way that p ...
ICEBERGS
... in this area are constrained by the water depth near the calving fronts, which is less than 200 m. Icebergs with a mass greater than 20 Mt are extremely rare, and for those found south of 603N, a mass greater than 10 Mt is seldom found. The maximum sail height on record for an iceberg in the North A ...
... in this area are constrained by the water depth near the calving fronts, which is less than 200 m. Icebergs with a mass greater than 20 Mt are extremely rare, and for those found south of 603N, a mass greater than 10 Mt is seldom found. The maximum sail height on record for an iceberg in the North A ...
Shallow methylmercury production in the marginal sea ice
... inorganic Hg and a carbon source to methylating bacteria at depth8. In the Arctic, an additional Hg and carbon source may be provided by sea-ice algae31,32. Several recent studies have found maximum MeHg concentrations in sub-surface global ocean waters where bacterial activity is important1,10–17. ...
... inorganic Hg and a carbon source to methylating bacteria at depth8. In the Arctic, an additional Hg and carbon source may be provided by sea-ice algae31,32. Several recent studies have found maximum MeHg concentrations in sub-surface global ocean waters where bacterial activity is important1,10–17. ...
Quaternary Climate Change and Geomorphology
... Periglacial zones- areas lying in the foreland of the glaciers, areas that were never covered by ice, but received extensive modification by erosional/depositional processes of meltwater. As well as sites of cold climate weathering/mass wasting processes (freeze/thaw, and permafrost conditions) (a) ...
... Periglacial zones- areas lying in the foreland of the glaciers, areas that were never covered by ice, but received extensive modification by erosional/depositional processes of meltwater. As well as sites of cold climate weathering/mass wasting processes (freeze/thaw, and permafrost conditions) (a) ...
chapter 17 - Geoclassroom Home
... Enrichment Topic 3. Could Global Warming Start a Little Ice Age in Europe? Oddly, global warming could bring about a new ice age in Europe. Europe is warmer than it should be for its latitude. Warm water from the equator travels up North America, and then the Gulf Stream moves eastward across the At ...
... Enrichment Topic 3. Could Global Warming Start a Little Ice Age in Europe? Oddly, global warming could bring about a new ice age in Europe. Europe is warmer than it should be for its latitude. Warm water from the equator travels up North America, and then the Gulf Stream moves eastward across the At ...
English
... have observed changes in sea ice, snow conditions, and distribution and behaviour of the marine mammals. In addition, new species or subspecies have been observed around the North Water during recent years. The mixing of different water masses (originating from the Atlantic and the Pacific) and thei ...
... have observed changes in sea ice, snow conditions, and distribution and behaviour of the marine mammals. In addition, new species or subspecies have been observed around the North Water during recent years. The mixing of different water masses (originating from the Atlantic and the Pacific) and thei ...
Dry Ice Volcano Cake
... and share your photo’s - you’re never too old for dinsoaurs or volcanic rock! Dry ice packs and chillipop (as featured) are available to order on-line at www.chillistick.com/shop or call one of our team members on 0203 4329412. ...
... and share your photo’s - you’re never too old for dinsoaurs or volcanic rock! Dry ice packs and chillipop (as featured) are available to order on-line at www.chillistick.com/shop or call one of our team members on 0203 4329412. ...
Y9GeU6A Antarctica Intro PPwk26
... Let’s see what it is really like! Antarctica’s ice sheet is constantly on the move. Huge rivers of ice known as glaciers are pulled slowly by gravity from the interior towards the sea. Along the way, the ice cracks, breaks and is ruptured by underlying rock. Crevasses up to hundreds of metres deep ...
... Let’s see what it is really like! Antarctica’s ice sheet is constantly on the move. Huge rivers of ice known as glaciers are pulled slowly by gravity from the interior towards the sea. Along the way, the ice cracks, breaks and is ruptured by underlying rock. Crevasses up to hundreds of metres deep ...
Arrigo, K.R., G.v. Dijken, and S. Pabi, Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice
... by an average of 27.5 Tg C yr 1 each year between 2003 and 2007 (Figure 2d), with annual production in 2007 (513 Tg C yr 1) exceeding the 1998 –2002 mean (416 Tg C yr 1) by 23%. Despite its generally low rates of primary productivity (Figures 3a and 3b), the Siberian sector experienced the largest i ...
... by an average of 27.5 Tg C yr 1 each year between 2003 and 2007 (Figure 2d), with annual production in 2007 (513 Tg C yr 1) exceeding the 1998 –2002 mean (416 Tg C yr 1) by 23%. Despite its generally low rates of primary productivity (Figures 3a and 3b), the Siberian sector experienced the largest i ...
Sea - Ice Interactions
... smaller as one approaches the open sea. This area is often termed the marginal ice zone (MIZ). In the outer part of the MIZ, the ice is more or less broken down by the action of ocean waves. Here the individual ice floes are very small and often closely packed so that they form a soupy ice-agglomera ...
... smaller as one approaches the open sea. This area is often termed the marginal ice zone (MIZ). In the outer part of the MIZ, the ice is more or less broken down by the action of ocean waves. Here the individual ice floes are very small and often closely packed so that they form a soupy ice-agglomera ...
- bYTEBoss
... Let’s see what it is really like! Antarctica’s ice sheet is constantly on the move. Huge rivers of ice known as glaciers are pulled slowly by gravity from the interior towards the sea. Along the way, the ice cracks, breaks and is ruptured by underlying rock. Crevasses up to hundreds of metres deep ...
... Let’s see what it is really like! Antarctica’s ice sheet is constantly on the move. Huge rivers of ice known as glaciers are pulled slowly by gravity from the interior towards the sea. Along the way, the ice cracks, breaks and is ruptured by underlying rock. Crevasses up to hundreds of metres deep ...
A Look at Important Marine Areas in the U.S. Beaufort and Chukchi
... early summer. From winter through early summer the area is covered in sea ice, but a corridor of openings in the ice—called ice leads and polynyas—allows beluga and bowhead whales, walruses, ice seals, and seabirds to make their annual journeys. Strong regional currents and seasonal sea ice dynamics ...
... early summer. From winter through early summer the area is covered in sea ice, but a corridor of openings in the ice—called ice leads and polynyas—allows beluga and bowhead whales, walruses, ice seals, and seabirds to make their annual journeys. Strong regional currents and seasonal sea ice dynamics ...
Project information Project number Innovation Fund Proposal
... and residues from in situ burning, liquefied natural gas, and other transportation-related contaminants affect processes across the OSA interface. The OSIM science objectives are organized under three broad categories: i) detection, ii) impacts, and iii) mitigation to develop an understanding of wha ...
... and residues from in situ burning, liquefied natural gas, and other transportation-related contaminants affect processes across the OSA interface. The OSIM science objectives are organized under three broad categories: i) detection, ii) impacts, and iii) mitigation to develop an understanding of wha ...
Isostatic Rebound-Actvity writeup.pages
... upon them-‐-‐ the churning mo1ons of the deep interior of the Earth, or loads placed at the surface of the Earth. The flowing asthenosphere carries the lithosphere of the Earth, including the con1nents, ...
... upon them-‐-‐ the churning mo1ons of the deep interior of the Earth, or loads placed at the surface of the Earth. The flowing asthenosphere carries the lithosphere of the Earth, including the con1nents, ...
Chapter 46 High-Latitude Ice and the Biodiversity Dependent on it
... fare better. Species with limited distribution, specialized feeding or breeding requirements, and/or high reliance on high-latitude ice for part of their life cycle are particularly vulnerable (Meltofte, 2013. In the Antarctic, seal and penguin species dependent on ice distribution seem to be likel ...
... fare better. Species with limited distribution, specialized feeding or breeding requirements, and/or high reliance on high-latitude ice for part of their life cycle are particularly vulnerable (Meltofte, 2013. In the Antarctic, seal and penguin species dependent on ice distribution seem to be likel ...
Sea ice
Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice, which has an even lower density). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth’s surface and about 12% of the world’s oceans. In the North, it is found in the Arctic Ocean, in areas just below it and in other cold oceans, seas and gulfs; in the Antarctic, it occurs in various areas around Antarctica (the continent). Much of the world's sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth's polar regions: the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean. Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent (see Climate change in the Arctic), a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology, including the ocean's ecosystems. Due to the action of winds, currents and temperature fluctuations, sea ice is very dynamic, leading to a wide variety of ice types and features. Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs, which are chunks of ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean. Depending on location, sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs.