Radiative Transfer in Atmosphere-Sea Ice
... the uppermost layer of snow for a snow covered surface and by about 50 cm of the uppermost layer of ice for a bare ice surface. Generally, increasing cloud thickness will increase the surface albedo, unless the solar elevation is low and the cloud is thin. Of all the possible cases, the combination ...
... the uppermost layer of snow for a snow covered surface and by about 50 cm of the uppermost layer of ice for a bare ice surface. Generally, increasing cloud thickness will increase the surface albedo, unless the solar elevation is low and the cloud is thin. Of all the possible cases, the combination ...
Glacier Outline
... D. Digenic ice mounds and pedestals: icy surfaces covered by rocky materials melts faster than ice surfaces covered by rocky material E. Glacial lakes: form from glacial meltwater below the terminus ...
... D. Digenic ice mounds and pedestals: icy surfaces covered by rocky materials melts faster than ice surfaces covered by rocky material E. Glacial lakes: form from glacial meltwater below the terminus ...
North Star New Items
... CARLINVILLE, Ill. (March 7, 2016) – Just in time for warmer weather, Ice Cream Specialties, a division of Prairie Farms Dairy, is proud to introduce a brand new lineup of delectable North Star ice cream treats that are sure to make anyone’s mouth water. North Star, the fastest growing ice cream bran ...
... CARLINVILLE, Ill. (March 7, 2016) – Just in time for warmer weather, Ice Cream Specialties, a division of Prairie Farms Dairy, is proud to introduce a brand new lineup of delectable North Star ice cream treats that are sure to make anyone’s mouth water. North Star, the fastest growing ice cream bran ...
File - Mr Raynes Geography
... frost annually. Temperatures fall as altitude increases. They can be below freezing point at any time on Ruapehu’s summit. • These conditions result in ice being an important agent of weathering, mass movement and erosion. ...
... frost annually. Temperatures fall as altitude increases. They can be below freezing point at any time on Ruapehu’s summit. • These conditions result in ice being an important agent of weathering, mass movement and erosion. ...
Using oxygen isotope ratios to constrain glacial
... KEY POINTS: they should now understand how oxygen isotopes change during the fractionation process (they should be left with almost exclusively 16O by the last rainfall on land), and they should see that all of the water will basically end up back in the ocean eventually (over timescales on the orde ...
... KEY POINTS: they should now understand how oxygen isotopes change during the fractionation process (they should be left with almost exclusively 16O by the last rainfall on land), and they should see that all of the water will basically end up back in the ocean eventually (over timescales on the orde ...
Melting Icebergs - Digital Chalkboard
... K-2 The Earth Water can be a liquid or a solid and can go back and forth from one form to the other. If water is turned into ice and then the ice is allowed to melt, the amount of water is the same as it was before freezing. K-2 Structure of Matter Objects can be described in terms of the materials ...
... K-2 The Earth Water can be a liquid or a solid and can go back and forth from one form to the other. If water is turned into ice and then the ice is allowed to melt, the amount of water is the same as it was before freezing. K-2 Structure of Matter Objects can be described in terms of the materials ...
1. Relative dating is using comparison to date rocks or fossils. Law
... 5. The theory of continental drift is Alfred Wegener’s theory that the Earth is made of plates that move, or “drift” over time. The theory suggests the continents were all once together as Pangea. The puzzle-like fit of continents, fossils of plants and animals found at the boundaries of continents ...
... 5. The theory of continental drift is Alfred Wegener’s theory that the Earth is made of plates that move, or “drift” over time. The theory suggests the continents were all once together as Pangea. The puzzle-like fit of continents, fossils of plants and animals found at the boundaries of continents ...
Ocean Floor
... • Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 1 million sq km and thinned from 3.1m to 1.8m average – More freshwater, reduced ability to travel over ice – All summer ice gone in this century ...
... • Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 1 million sq km and thinned from 3.1m to 1.8m average – More freshwater, reduced ability to travel over ice – All summer ice gone in this century ...
science report for week four of our cruise
... Week four of NBP04-05 finally provided the first opportunity to conduct our standard station operations. While an open water polynya continued to elude us, in situ fluorescence monitoring indicated that we were entering phytoplankton bloom conditions as we traveled through areas dominated by new ice ...
... Week four of NBP04-05 finally provided the first opportunity to conduct our standard station operations. While an open water polynya continued to elude us, in situ fluorescence monitoring indicated that we were entering phytoplankton bloom conditions as we traveled through areas dominated by new ice ...
Environmental Problems
... Greenland ice sheets – Thermal expansion of ocean surface waters – Melting of land glaciers and ice caps – Thermal expansion of deep-ocean waters © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Greenland ice sheets – Thermal expansion of ocean surface waters – Melting of land glaciers and ice caps – Thermal expansion of deep-ocean waters © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Ian Allison Honorary Research Professor Antarctic Climate
... 110 peer–reviewed research publications; nearly 50 papers in reports and other publications; and 5 edited monographs. My major projects include: Studies of the energy exchange between atmosphere, landfast sea ice and the ocean. Characteristics, thickness and dynamics of Antarctic pack ice. ...
... 110 peer–reviewed research publications; nearly 50 papers in reports and other publications; and 5 edited monographs. My major projects include: Studies of the energy exchange between atmosphere, landfast sea ice and the ocean. Characteristics, thickness and dynamics of Antarctic pack ice. ...
Glaciers - Firelands Local Schools
... 1. Glaciers flow unevenly beneath the surface, causing regions of tension & compression under brittle surface a. This results in large cracks, crevasses, that form on the surface 2. Some parts of the ice sheets may move out over the ocean & form ice shelves. a. When tides rise and fall, large blocks ...
... 1. Glaciers flow unevenly beneath the surface, causing regions of tension & compression under brittle surface a. This results in large cracks, crevasses, that form on the surface 2. Some parts of the ice sheets may move out over the ocean & form ice shelves. a. When tides rise and fall, large blocks ...
Ecology of polar oceans
... • viewed as a region of low biodiversity. • however, three coordinated expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea (7486348m) have shown this not to be true • among the 13000 specimens were: 200 polychaete species (81 new), 160 species of gastropods and bivalves, 76 species of sponge (17 new), 674 isopods ( ...
... • viewed as a region of low biodiversity. • however, three coordinated expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea (7486348m) have shown this not to be true • among the 13000 specimens were: 200 polychaete species (81 new), 160 species of gastropods and bivalves, 76 species of sponge (17 new), 674 isopods ( ...
Melting Arctic sea ice threatens polar bears` survival
... Melting Arctic sea ice threatens polar bears’ survival If current trends of Arctic sea ice melting continue, polar bears are likely to become extinct in the southern Beaufort Sea region of Alaska and adjacent Canada, according to a demographic analysis led by Hal Caswell of Woods Hole Oceanographic ...
... Melting Arctic sea ice threatens polar bears’ survival If current trends of Arctic sea ice melting continue, polar bears are likely to become extinct in the southern Beaufort Sea region of Alaska and adjacent Canada, according to a demographic analysis led by Hal Caswell of Woods Hole Oceanographic ...
Lecture 13.
... the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density. One interesting property of the continental and oceanic crust is that these tectonic plates have the ability to ...
... the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density. One interesting property of the continental and oceanic crust is that these tectonic plates have the ability to ...
agu-talk-2006-2 - Radford University
... • Magnaprobe data [3] of the snow depths were taken along the same line, but approximately 2/3 meter to the seaward side of our survey line (we did not want to walk directly over the test line’s survey stakes). This data is plotted on the same horizontal and vertical scale as our data, and is seen s ...
... • Magnaprobe data [3] of the snow depths were taken along the same line, but approximately 2/3 meter to the seaward side of our survey line (we did not want to walk directly over the test line’s survey stakes). This data is plotted on the same horizontal and vertical scale as our data, and is seen s ...
February 2008 - UP Beta Sigma
... Temperatures across the globe have gone upward, hastening the rate at which ice glaciers melt. Humans, through activities that release ever-increasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, are responsible for this to a large extent. Antarctica, in particular experienced a temperature increase of abo ...
... Temperatures across the globe have gone upward, hastening the rate at which ice glaciers melt. Humans, through activities that release ever-increasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, are responsible for this to a large extent. Antarctica, in particular experienced a temperature increase of abo ...
Emerging scientific challenges at the interface of surface and deep
... 1. Measuring and understanding the response of the solid earth to change in glacier loading. The history of ice volume change is poorly constrained, particularly in Antarctica. Projecting volume loss and sea level changes into the future requires that the rate of historical changes, and the controls ...
... 1. Measuring and understanding the response of the solid earth to change in glacier loading. The history of ice volume change is poorly constrained, particularly in Antarctica. Projecting volume loss and sea level changes into the future requires that the rate of historical changes, and the controls ...
Modeling of the 100kry cycle - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... How many did we use in the model we made in class?? It is only the upper part of the ocean that has to cool significantly for glaciation. (The lower part’s role is to provide delayed responses to various forcing) It was already demonstrated in previous papers that this can be achieved in only a ...
... How many did we use in the model we made in class?? It is only the upper part of the ocean that has to cool significantly for glaciation. (The lower part’s role is to provide delayed responses to various forcing) It was already demonstrated in previous papers that this can be achieved in only a ...
Warm ocean current reaches surprisingly far south in the
... suggesting that the relationship between the wind and the warm inflow will cause the inflow to increase as the wind forcing changes in the future. The melt rates below the Filchner ice shelf would then increase dramatically. Their results have been questioned since the model that was used is relativ ...
... suggesting that the relationship between the wind and the warm inflow will cause the inflow to increase as the wind forcing changes in the future. The melt rates below the Filchner ice shelf would then increase dramatically. Their results have been questioned since the model that was used is relativ ...
Earth`s Frozen Water
... examples of evidence of past glaciers. • HW: Define the above terms, and complete the vocabulary worksheet. ...
... examples of evidence of past glaciers. • HW: Define the above terms, and complete the vocabulary worksheet. ...
Earth`s Frozen Water
... examples of evidence of past glaciers. • HW: Define the above terms, and complete the vocabulary worksheet. ...
... examples of evidence of past glaciers. • HW: Define the above terms, and complete the vocabulary worksheet. ...
now and ice cores from antarctica , greenland and high altitude
... ice cores have allowed to obtain highly interesting data on past changes in climate during the last climatic cycles . For Antarctica , available data cover the past 800 000 years , back to Marine Isotopic Stage ( MIS ) 20.2 , thanks to the extensive study of deep ice cores drilled at Vostok , Dome C ...
... ice cores have allowed to obtain highly interesting data on past changes in climate during the last climatic cycles . For Antarctica , available data cover the past 800 000 years , back to Marine Isotopic Stage ( MIS ) 20.2 , thanks to the extensive study of deep ice cores drilled at Vostok , Dome C ...
The Changing Environment - Mr. Hamilton`s Classroom
... away of land by weather and water; a natural process where soil is lost, transported, and reformed. ...
... away of land by weather and water; a natural process where soil is lost, transported, and reformed. ...
The Ice Age - K5 Learning
... • Some scientists have noted that the motion of the tectonic plates has resulted in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth’s surface, which in turn affects wind and ocean currents which may also be a cause of the ice age. • There is a theory about t ...
... • Some scientists have noted that the motion of the tectonic plates has resulted in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth’s surface, which in turn affects wind and ocean currents which may also be a cause of the ice age. • There is a theory about t ...
Sea ice
Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface (as does fresh water ice, which has an even lower density). Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth’s surface and about 12% of the world’s oceans. In the North, it is found in the Arctic Ocean, in areas just below it and in other cold oceans, seas and gulfs; in the Antarctic, it occurs in various areas around Antarctica (the continent). Much of the world's sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth's polar regions: the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean. Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent (see Climate change in the Arctic), a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology, including the ocean's ecosystems. Due to the action of winds, currents and temperature fluctuations, sea ice is very dynamic, leading to a wide variety of ice types and features. Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs, which are chunks of ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean. Depending on location, sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs.