Download Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov pioneered research into a form of

 Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov pioneered research
into a form of learning known as classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning, one stimulus causes a
response that is usually caused by another stimulus.
Classical conditioning can help people adapt to the
environment and can help eliminate troubling fears or
other behaviors.
Classical conditioning is a form of learning that involves
the use of a stimulus to generate a specific response.
Section 1: Classical Conditioning
Conditioning is a type of learning that involves stimulus-response
connections.
Classical conditioning is a simple form of learning in which one
stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by
another stimulus.
Pavlov’s Dogs
Stimulus and Response
• Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov used
dogs in his studies of classical
conditioning.
• He trained the dogs to associate the
sound of a bell with food.
• They learned that the sound of the
bell meant food was coming.
• Unconditioned stimulus: a stimulus
that causes a response that is
automatic, not learned
• Unconditioned response: caused by
an unconditioned stimulus
• Conditioned response: a learned
response to a neutral stimulus
• Conditioned stimulus: a previously
neutral stimulus that causes a
conditioned response
Taste Aversions
Extinction
• Taste aversion: learned response
to a particular food
• One-trial learning
• Extinction: Disappearance of
conditioned response when
unconditioned stimulus no longer
follows conditioned stimulus
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization and
Discrimination
• Spontaneous recovery:
Reappearance of an extinguished
conditioned response after some
time has passed
• Generalization: The tendency to
respond in the same way to
stimuli that have similar
characteristics
• Discrimination: The act of
responding differently to stimuli
that are not similar to each other
Flooding and Systematic
Desensitization
• In flooding, a person is
exposed to the harmless
stimulus until fear responses
to that stimulus are
extinguished.
• With systematic
desensitization, people learn
relaxation techniques and
then, while they are relaxed,
they are gradually exposed to
the stimulus they fear.
Counterconditioning
• In counterconditioning, a
pleasant stimulus is paired
repeatedly with a fearful one,
counteracting the fear.