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Transcript
Enzymes Enzyme Active Site • Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions, • Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions Enzyme Active Site • Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions, • Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions Enzymes • Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate. Enzymes • Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate. Induced Fit Theory • Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate. Induced Fit Theory • Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate. Enzymes - Cofactors • Coenzymes (contain a vitamin) or metal ion Enzymes - Cofactors • Metal ions present in trace amounts Enzymes - Cofactors • Metal ions present in trace amounts Enzyme Cofactors • Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin. Enzyme Cofactors • Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin. Enzyme Cofactors • Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin. Enzymes Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action Enzymes - Activity • Enzyme and substrate concentrations Enzymes - Inhibitors • Nonspecific - denaturation, pH, temperature Enzyme Inhibitors • Noncompetitive Enzyme Inhibitors • Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it. Enzyme Inhibitors • Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it. Enzyme Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors • Irreversible - covalently binds to active site Enzyme Inhibitors • Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme. Enzyme Inhibitors • Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme. Enzyme Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors • Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme. Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors • Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.
