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Transcript
Cells and Chromosomes Notesheet Name_____________________________ What is A Chromosome? o Half of your chromosomes come ______________________. The other half __________________________. o ____________________ cells of the body have full sets of paired chromosomes. o Label the diagram above with the following parts: Centromere, Gene, Sister Chromatid o A single chromosome looks like ______________________________________. o A chromosome is made up of ________________. A _______________ is a section of the chromosome that provides instructions for a single trait in the organism. o When the chromosome is duplicated itself, the copies are held together at the ______________________________. Each copy is called a ______________________ ________________________________. How Many Chromosomes Do I Have? o Humans have ________ chromosomes: _____ of them do NOT determine the gender of the individual. These are called ______________________________. _____ of them do determine the gender of the individual. These are called ___________________________________. In humans, the sex chromosomes are either _____ or _____. If you are a male, you have ______ sex chromosomes. If you are a female, you have _______ sex chromosomes. o One can look at all the chromosomes in a cell by taking a picture of them. This picture of the chromosomes is called a ____________________. The picture usually pairs them up and arranges the pairs from the _____________________ pair to the ________________________ pair for autosomal chromosomes. o In each chromosome pair, one chromosome comes from the _________________, while the other comes from the _____________________. o A pair of common chromosomes that code for the same genes are called _____________________________ chromosomes. The picture above is of a karyotype from a human. What gender is this individual? : ______________________ What do you notice is different about the X and Y chromosomes in this picture? _________________________________________________ How many of the pairs are autosomal? ___________ How many of the pairs refer to sex chromosomes? ____________ How are Sperm/Egg Cells Different From Other Cells In The Body o Most cells in the body have a full set of chromosomes, which means they have _______ chromosomes a piece. o However, two types of cells in the body do NOT have this usual number. These cells are either _____________ or ____________ cells. The name for any type of sex cells is _________________________. Gametes have _______ chromosomes in humans. When the sperm and egg meet, this means the fertilized egg will have _____ chromosomes. o How do we refer to cells with different chromosome numbers? If a cell has the full amount of chromosomes in it (half from mother and half from father), then it has a _______________________ number. This is symbolized by the symbol of ________. If a cell has half amount of chromosomes in it (half from mother and half from father), then it has a _______________________ number. This is symbolized by the symbol of ________. A human cell has these numbers: Diploid number = ________ Haploid number = ________ 2n number = ________ n number = ________ Number of chromosomes in autosomal cells = ________ Number of chromosomes in gametes = ________