Download Cell Energy Study Guide

AP Biology: Cell Energy Study Guide
Key Terms
3-PGA
acetate (acetic acid)
acetyl-CoA
aerobic repiration
anaerobic respiration
anthocyanin
ATP & ADP
ATP synthase
autotroph
Calvin cycle
carotanoid
chemiosmosis
chlorophyll
citrate
critae
cytochromes
ETC
endergonic reaction
energy coupling
ethanol
exergonic reaction
FAD, FADH2
fermentation
G3p
glycolysis
grana
heterotroph
Krebs cycle
lactate (lactic acid)
light reactions
matrix
metabolism
NAD+, NADH
NADP+, NADPH
oxidation reaction
phosphorylation
photosystems
pigment
substrate-level
phosphorelation
pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
redox reaction
reduction reaction
RuBP
rubisco
stomata
stroma
thylakoid
ROYGBIV
Photosynthesis Animations:
Light Reactions: http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html
Calvin Cycle: http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html
Cellular Respiration Animations:
Glycolysis: http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/glycolysis.html
Krebs Cycle: http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html
Electron Transport Chain: http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/etc.html
1. What do the 2 laws of thermodynamics state?
2. How do exergonic and endergonic reactions relate to synthesis and decomposition reactions?
3. How do ATP and ADP molecules relate to each other? How do they relate to hydrolysis and dehydration
reactions?
4. How do redox reactions involved in energy coupling?
5. How is chemiosomosis advantageous over substrate-level phosphorelation?
6. Identify the plant structures involved in obtaining materials for photosynthesis. What are their roles?
7. How do autotrophs and heterotrophs obtain energy?
8. Why is photoautotrophy an important adaptation?
9. What is the role of pigments, especially chlorophyll, in photosynthesis?
10. How do the different plant pigments affect the colors that we see?
11. What is the purpose of photosynthesis? Write the balanced equation.
12. What are the reactants for photosynthesis? the products?
13. What are the 2 major steps of photosynthesis? Where does each step take place
14. What is the purpose of light reactions? the Calvin cycle?
15. What materials are necessary for light reactions to take place? for Calvin cycle?
16. What is the role of each in photosynthesis: light, water, CO2.
17. What is the role of chemiosmosis in photosynthesis? Explain this process. At which point is it used?
18. What is the role of the photosystems, the electron transport chain, & ATP synthase? Where are they found?
19. What product(s) come out of light reactions? Calvin cycle?
20. Why can’t Calvin cycle take place in the dark?
21. What is the role of rubisco? How is it involved in glucose formation?
22. What are the roles of RuBP, 3-PGA, and G3P?
23. When does carbon fixation take place? Which molecules are involved?
24. What are the different strategies that the following types of plants use to make sugars: C3, C4, CAM?
25. Why isn’t 100% of the energy from a single glucose molecule used to make ATP?
26. What is the purpose of cell respiration? Write the balanced equation.
27. What are the different types of cell respiration?
28. What is the purpose of fermentation? What condition is required for it to happen? When does it take place?
29. What are the different types of anaerobic respiration? What are the processes of each type?
30. What are the raw materials for cell respiration? What are the products of cell respiration?
31. Why is carbon dioxide formed during cell respiration?
32. Why is water formed during cell respiration?
33. How is oxygen used in cell respiration?
34. How is glucose used in cell respiration?
35. What are the 3 major steps of cell respiration? Where does each step take place?
36. What is the purpose of glycolysis? the Krebs cycle? the electron transport chain?
37. What is the role of chemiosmosis in cell respiration? Explain this process. At which point is it used?
38. When is acetyl-CoA formed? Describe this process.
39. What are the roles of NADH and FADH2?
40. At what point during cell respiration does glucose completely break down? What is the product?