Download Roman Republic PPT 17 pdf

THE LEGEND OF ROMULUS AND REMUS
EXPLAINS THE CREATION OF ROME.
EARLY INHABITANTS
1. First settlers on the Italian
Peninsula arrived during prehistory.
2. By 1000 – 500 BCE three groups
battled for control.
a.
b.
c.
The Latins, who were headquartered
at Rome,
the Greeks, who had colonies on the
southern coast and Sicily, and
the Etruscans, who were native to
northern Italy.
WARM UP
1. Who was Alexander the Great’s father?
2. What was Alexander’s lasting legacy?
3. What three groups vied for control of the Italian
Peninsula between 1000 BCE and 500 BCE?
AGENDA
Warm Up
Roman Republic Notes
Roman Law (The 12 Tables) Activity
Roman Republic Notes Continued
HW: Study ALL your Unit 2 notes (but focus on any
highlighted notes) for the Unit 2 Test
BEFORE THE REPUBLIC
1. Around 600 BC Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome
2. Romans overthrow Etruscan kings in 509 BC
3. Romans found a republic – a government in which
citizens elect leaders (sometimes called an indirect
democracy or representative democracy)
How is a republic like a direct democracy?
How is a republic different from a direct democracy?
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
1.
Early Rome was dominated by two social classes; the
Patricians and the Plebeians.
a. Patricians - wealthy aristocratic class, Latin nobles (held
almost all of the power in Rome, made up 10% of the
population).
i. Ran the government and made the laws
b.
Plebeians - non-aristocratic townspeople and landowners
as well as merchants and farmers (majority in Rome).
i. Barred from holding most government positions
What was the difference between
patricians and plebeians?
2. Plebeians demanded more rights
a. Allowed to elect their own assembly
b. Tribunes were elected by the plebeians
to protect their rights
i. Tribunes could veto laws that were
unjust to plebeians
THE TWELVE TABLES
1. Plebeians demanded Roman laws be
written down
2. First written code of law in Rome
a. Laws were carved on twelve
tablets and displayed in the
Roman Forum
b. Established the principle that all
free citizens had the right to
protection of the law
How are the Twelve Tables
of Rome and Hammurabi’s
Code similar?
GOVERNMENT DURING THE REPUBLIC
1. Early Roman government was divided into two branches;
executive and legislative.
a. The executive branch consisted of two consuls who
directed the government and commanded the army.
b. The legislative branch consisted of a Senate that led
foreign and domestic policy.
c. During times of crisis, consuls would choose
dictators who would be elected by the senate.
THE ROMAN FORUM
1. Marketplace and civic center
a. Center of life in Rome
i.
Senate met in the forum
ii.
Public speeches were given
here
iii. Site of many businesses
RELIGION AND FAMILY
1. Early Romans worshiped nature
spirits which later became gods and
goddesses.
a. The Romans borrowed Greek
deities giving them Roman names.
(Jupiter / Zeus)
2. The family was the basic unit of Roman society with the father
the head of the household.
a. Roman wives had few legal rights, but had more freedom
than Greek women.
THE ROMAN ARMY
1. Rome’s success in war was due to its
strong army.
2. Every male citizen had to serve in the
military when needed.
3. Roman generals improved on Greek
military tactics by employing smaller,
more mobile divisions of troops.
(Legions)
ROMAN EXPANSION
1. Rome’s power grew slowly and steadily as the
legions battled for control of Italy.
2. Eventually they defeated the Etruscans to the north
and the Greek city-states to the south.
3. By 265 BCE the Romans controlled almost all of
Italy.
• People in different conquered areas received different treatment.
• Conquered Latins (central Italy) were allowed full citizenship.
• Territories farther from Rome were allowed citizenship, but
not the vote.
• All other territories were not considered citizens, but allies of
Rome.
4. A lenient policy toward defeated enemies helped
in Rome’s growth.
5. Rome’s location gave it easy access to the riches
of the lands ringing the Mediterranean Sea.
6. Rome traded olive oil and wine for foods, raw
materials, and manufactured goods from other
lands.
7. Other large and powerful cities interfered with
Roman access to the Mediterranean.
THE PUNIC WARS
1.
A series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage
a. Rome won all three wars
b. Were over control of trade in the Mediterranean
c. After Rome won the Third Punic War
i. They burned Carthage and sold its people into
slavery.
ii. Then tilled (plowed) salt into the soil
1. HOW MANY MILES DID HANNIBAL’S FORCES MARCH TO
REACH CANNAE?
2. WHAT TERRITORIES DID ROME ADD BETWEEN 264 BCE AND
146 BCE?