Download Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular
System
Components
• Includes:
– Heart
– Blood vessels
– Blood
Function
▫ Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body
▫ Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide
from cells
▫ Distributes hormones and antibodies
throughout the body
▫ Helps control body temperature and
electrolyte balance
The Heart
• Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist.
• Located in the mediastinal cavity
• Has three layers of tissue:
▫ Pericardium – outer layer,
reduces friction as the heart beats
▫ Myocardium – middle layer,
pumps blood through the system
▫ Endocardium – inner layer,
allows the blood to flow smoothly
Chambers of the Heart
• Septum – muscular wall that separates the
heart into the right and left sides
• Each side is divided into two parts
• Atria – two top chambers
• Ventricles – two bottom chambers
• Blood enters the heart
through the atria
• Blood leaves through
the ventricles
Heart Valves
• Atrioventricular - located between the atria and
the ventricles on each side of the heart.
▫ Tricuspid valve – right side
▫ Bicuspid valve – left side
• Semilunar - located between
the ventricles and the vessels
where blood leaves the heart.
▫ Pulmonary valve
▫ Aortic valve
Circulation of Blood
• Pulmonary
• Systemic
• Coronary
Pulmonary Circulation
• Flow of blood between the heart and
lungs
▫ The right side of the heart pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
▫ Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
▫ Oxygenated blood
returns to the left side
of the heart.
Systemic Circulation
• Flow of blood between the
heart and body
▫ The left side of the heart
pumps oxygenated blood to
the body.
▫ Blood returns to the right side
of the heart
Coronary Circulation
• Flow of blood to the heart muscle
▫ The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated
blood to heart tissue
▫ Blood returns to the right side of the heart.
Blood Flow Through the Heart
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Superior & inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulumonary arteries
Lungs to exchange gases
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid / Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta all parts of the body
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Intrinsic Conduction System
Automaticity-enables heart to contract rhythmically
and continuously without motor nerve impulses
1. SA (sinoatrial) Node: pacemaker located
where the superior and inferior vena cava enter
the right atrium
2. AV (atrioventricular) Node: sends impulses to
ventricles
3. Bundle of His/Bundle Branches: in septum
4. Purkinje Fibers: in heart wall to distribute
nerve impulses
Electrical Cardiogram