Download study for circulatory system

Circulatory System
List the functions of the heart, the systemic circulation, and the pulmonary
circulation.
Heart = Pump for blood
Systemic circulation =
to all areas except lungs
Pulmonary circulation =
to lungs (alveoli – air sacs)
Label the parts of the heart and coronary vessels, on both an external and an
internal view. Trace blood from the vena cavae to the aorta, naming all the
heart parts (both valves and chambers) encountered along this path. Name
these structures on a heart.
Path of Blood Through the Heart:
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonic (=pulmonary semilunar) valve
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid (=Mitral) Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta
Describe the ECG (=EKG) tracing and explain the meaning of each wave.
Explain what is measured on the horizontal axis and on the vertical axis.
Briefly discuss information to be gathered from frequency, shape, and
direction of the P, QRS, and T waves.
R
Isoelectric
P
Q
S
T
Isoelectric line = baseline, reference line, horizontal axis = timing of events, frequency
P wave = depolarization of atria
QRS wave=depolarization of ventricles (repolarization of atria hidden within QRS wave)
T wave = repolarization of ventricles
Vertical axis = strength & direction of current
Observed
Interpretation
# P waves
Rate of atrial systole
# QRS
More P than
QRS waves
QRS
without P
Direction of
wave
reversed
Irregular
line without
clear pattern
Rate of ventricular systole
Blocked conduction from atria to ventricles
PVC, premature ventricular contraction; ectopic
pacemaker active (damaged & unstable muscle)
Current flowing around injured or scarred area of
muscle
Fibrillation; can occur in atria or ventricles;
contractions fluttering, ineffective