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Behavioral Psychology Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner State Standard Standard 6.1 • Understand personality approaches and theories. • Behavioral Psychology studies observable behaviors, rather than mental processes. • Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner were pioneers in this field. • Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, when an organism learns a response to a stimulus that normally does not bring about that response. • Pavlov found that dogs salivate at the mere sound of a tuning fork if it is rung at feeding time. • The meat powder was the unconditioned stimulus. • Salivation was the unconditioned response. • The conditioned response was the salivation at the sound of the tuning fork. • The sound of the tuning fork changed from a neutral stimulus to a conditioned stimulus. • View the following commercials and identify the conditioned response manipulated by advertisers. • Subway • Pepsi • Burger King • Hardees • Extinction is the diminishing of a learned response. • Example: Alarm Fatigue Video Clips Pavlov’s Experiment The Office Parody of The Office Classical Conditioning at BGSU Pavlov Today • B.F. Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism. • Operant conditioning: Process by which people make responses because they have learned that positive or negative consequences are dependent on the response. • Reinforcer: Any stimulus that increases a response. 1. Positive reinforcer: Stimulus added to an environment that increases a response. 2. Negative reinforcer: Stimulus whose removal increases a response. Examples: Dwight Shrute & Shunning [15 secs.] The Big Bang Theory [6:33] “It’s simple. You read books—to learn facts—to get grades—to pass the course—to get a degree. It has nothing to do with thoughts.” (from A Raisin in the Sun) "Between stimulus and response, there is a space. In that space lies our freedom and power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and freedom." --Viktor E. Frankl (psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor) Article Assignment: “How Brainwashing Works” Read the article and explain the connections to Behavioral Psychology. Journal Entry Describe an example of each in your life and its effect on you: 1. Presentation of a positive reinforcement. 2. Presentation of a negative reinforcement.