Download Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook

Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
January 08, 2013
Homework: Bring textbook to class tomorrow.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
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Chapter 6 ­ Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Occurs:
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Do Now
1. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
2. What cells does cellular respiration occur most?
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Reduction: reaction in which there is a gain of electrons (electrons are part of the reactants)
Oxidation: reaction in which there is a loss of electron (electrons are part of the product)
OIL RIG
Redox Reaction: reduction and oxidation happen at the same time.
Redox reactions then, are the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another... When there is oxidation, there is also reduction.
The substance which loses electrons is oxidised.
The substance which gains electrons is reduced.
Try These...
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Cellular Respiration (Redox Reactions)
Remember: rearrangement of hydrogen atoms (and their electrons) are important to cellular respiration 5
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The Players in the game....
1. ATP:
2. Dehydrogenase: enzyme that aids in the oxidizing of glucose
scan 6.5 B
3. FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide (made from vitamin riboflavin) ­ electron carrier
• FADH2 FAD + 2 H+ + 2e­
> B2 Vitamin > Accepts 2 electrons
4. NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (made from vitamin Niacin) ­ electron carrier
• NADH NAD+ + H+ + 2e­
>
B3 Vitamin >
Accepts 2 electrons
Both NADH & FADH2 are used to donate electrons an electron transport chain
Scan 6.5
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
January 08, 2013
DO NOW
1. Write the equation for cellular respiration.
2. Identify the reduction and oxidation reactions in the equation.
3. When reduction and oxidation happen at the same time, what is it called?
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2 ways ATP is created in cellular respiration:
http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/electron_transport/
electron_transport.htm
1. Substrate Level Phosphorylation: chemical reaction that results in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the direct transfer of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from a reactive intermediate. 2. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Creation of ATP through an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
­chemiosmosis: the use of a ATP Synthase (enzyme that uses the concentration gradient of H+ to create ATP)
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/etc.html
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Lab­
Anaerobic Respiration:
Aerobic Respiration:
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
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DO NOW
1. What are the two types of phosphorylation?
2. What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
3. Where do we made the MOST ATP in cellular respiration?
4. What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
5. What is the job of the ATP Synthase?
HOMEWORK: Read and outline: 6.9& 6.10, Lab test on Thursday
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OVERVIEW of Glycolysis:
Input Output
Location
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Location:
Glucose (6C)
Glucose ­ 6 ­ phosphate
Isomerase­
Fructose ­ 6 ­ phosphate
Fructose 1,6 diphosphate
2 G3P (glyceraldehyde­3­Phophate)
Redox Reactions
**Energy In***
NAD+
***Energy Out***
Pi
1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (DPGA)
ADP
3 ­ phosphoglyceric acid (3­PGA)
2­ phosphoglyceric acid (2­PGA)
H 2O
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Kinase­
ADP
Pyruvate
http://highered.mcgraw­hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/
animation__how_glycolysis_works.htm
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
January 08, 2013
Do Now
1. What is the goal of glycolysis?
2. Where does it occur?
3. Explain the redox reaction we discussed last class in gycolysis.
4. Where does the pyruvate go after glycolysis?
http://highered.mcgraw­hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/
animation__how_glycolysis_works.htm
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Acetyl Formation ­ grooming of pyruvate for the Krebs Cycle
Input Output
Location
Coenzyme A (Co A) ­ aids in the oxidation of pyruvate
****Coenzymes are nonprotein compound necessary for the functioning of an enzyme*** Steps:
1. Pyruvate is transferred to the cytplasm into the mitochondria.
2. CO2 is removed from pyruvate
3. Remaining compound is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced to NADH
4. Co A joins to form Acetyl CoA
*** Remember X2!*** 16
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Krebs Cycle
(Citric Acid Cycle)
Input Output
Location
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
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Do Now
1. Where is does the Krebs cycle occur?
2. What happens to carbons that originally came from glucose?
3. What is the goal of the krebs cycle?
4. What is the other name for the krebs cycle? 5. What is CoA?
6. Why is the Krebs cycle X2?
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Scan in pg 99
Citric Acid
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Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
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­
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
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Do Now
1. Where are the most ATP made in cellular respiration?
2. What are the major outputs of the Krebs Cycle?
3. How many ATP are made in the Krebs Cycle and Glycolysis?
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Electron Transport Chain
Input Output
Location
How many ATP are made for each...?
For each NADH
3 ATP produced
For each FADH2
2 ATP produced
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/
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January 08, 2013
Questions
1. Why do the electrons flow through the ETC?
2. How do you get ATP?
3. Where does the water come from?
4. How many ATPs are produced from one glucose molecule?
5. 3 glucose molecules?
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Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
January 08, 2013
Do Now
Explain why we must breathe oxygen in order to survive.
Be sure to use the following words:
ETC
Electrons
Oxygen
Anerobic/Aerobic
ATP
ATP Synthase
H+
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
­Lactic acid is associated with the “burn” associated with heavy exercise
­If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles give out
­Goal is to regenerate NAD+ (needed in order to be able to glycolysis again)
­Lactate that is built up in your muscle cells, is Inputs:
converted back into pyruvate
Why do you breathe so hard with heavy exercise?
Outputs:
Location:
Lactic Acid Fermentation and Exercise Training
• Physical conditioning allows your body to adapt to increased activity
>
The body can increase its ability to deliver oxygen to muscles
• Long­distance runners wait until the final sprint to exceed their aerobic capacity
Lactic Acid Fermentation and Food Industry
• Certain strains of bacteria do lactic acid fermentation.
• Lactic acid fermentation is used in the dairy products to make cheese and yogurt.
• Also used with soybean for soy sauce and make sauerkraut.
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Alcohol Fermentation
Inputs:
Outputs:
Location:
­Yeast use alcohol fermentation in the making of beer, wine, and bread
­Yeasts can do both anerobic and aerobic respiration (facultative anaerobe) depending on whether there is O2
­Other organisms (many prokaryotes) are considered obligate anaerobes (poisoned by O2)
­Feedback inhibition: when too much of a product stops a reaction
­Too much ethanol will kill yeasts.
Wine can be only up to 14% alcohol
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Glycolysis evolved early in life.
Early Earth had no O2.
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