Download This is a working document. Use this as an additional study guide

This is a working document. Use this as an additional study guide, during lecture, and as a nightly review. You
should be able to answer all of the questions on here by the end of the unit, ask questions if they don’t make sense.
And since you do not have a book at home, use extra help sessions to complete this as needed!
DNA Review Questions:
1) What is a gene?
2) Why is DNA called the master molecule?
3) Would your genetic code be identical to your siblings? Why or why not?
4) What are 3 ways that DNA and RNA are different from one another? Be specific!
5) Which base pair in DNA binds to the other? (How do nucleotides bond?)
6) What organic class/group would both RNA and DNA be placed?
7) What are the steps of DNA replication? What happens in each step?
8) What functional group would both RNA and DNA have?
9) What is the name of the scientists who are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
A) Meischer and Griffith B) Franklin and Griffith
C) Watson and Meischer
D) Watson and Crick
10) How many chromosomes are there in a human cell?
A) 44
B) 24
C) 46
D) 22
11) Which of the following is not found in a strand of DNA?
A) adenine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) cytosine
12) You are DNA polymerase. You are reading DNA whose sequence is AATCTGTCGTATC. What is the correct
complementary sequence you will be constructing to form a double-stranded piece of DNA?
A) CCGAGTGATGCGA
B) TTAGACAGCATAC
C) GATACGACAGATT
D) TTAGACAGCATAG
13) What are the steps of transcription? What happens in each step? In your own words, briefly describe genetic
recombination.
14) Where does transcription occur? Why there?
15) If I am using DNA to make a copy in the form of RNA how will the newly made RNA differ once we are done?
(Think of at least 3 differences)
16) Why will making RNA be easier than doing DNA synthesis?
17) What enzyme actually is responsible for creating the new strand of RNA in transcription?
18) What is transcription? Why must it occur in the nucleus?
19) Where does translation occur? Why there?
20) What is the first thing we must do in order to be able to perform transcription? What bonds must be broken in
order to do this?
21) Look at fig. 14.3, a,b, c and d what do you think RNA polymerase’s job is?
22) What enzyme already studied looks very similar to RNA polymerase? What was its job?
23) So then, based on that, what do “polymerase” enzymes do?
24) Look at fig. 14.9, especially figure k, what is a polypeptide? What is a peptide bond? What is bonded together
with peptide bonds?
25) What is a codon? How many base pairs makes up a single codon?
26) What is an amino acid?
27) What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
28) Based on what you said above, if you had a protein made up of 100 amino acids, how many nucleotide bases
were there in the mRNA that coded for that protein? How many codons does that represent?
29) Complete the following table using page 223. HINT: check out the illustrations on that page to assist!
Messenger
Ribosomal
Transfer
Matching:
A) Composed of two subunits; has a P, E and A amino acid binding sites as well as a binding site for mRNA
B) How the nucleotide bases in mRNA are read
C) On tRNA, an attachment site for an amino acid
D) UAA, UAG, UGA
E) A sequence of three nucleotide bases that can pair with a specific mRNA codon
F) Name for each base triplet in mRNA
G) The number of codons that actually specify amino acids
H) AUG
30) ___ Codon
33) .___ the “start” codon
36) .___ anticodon
31) .___three bases at a time
34) .___ molecular “hook”
37) .___ the “stop” codons
32) .___ sixty-one
35) .___ ribosome
Process of Protein Synthesis
38) Given the following DNA sequence, deduce the composition of the mRNA transcript:
TAC
AAG
ATA
ACA
TTA
TTT
CCT
ACC
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
(mRNA transcript)
GTC
_____
ATC
_____
39) Deduce the composition of the tRNA anticodons that would pair with the specific mRNA codons:
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
(tRNA anticodons)
_____
_____
_____
40) From the mRNA transcript in question 20, use page 222 in the text to deduce the composition of the amino
acids of the polypeptide sequence.
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
(amino acids)
_____
_____
_____