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Cells are the building blocks of living things. They perform all the necessary work to keep them alive. What are the 4 characteristics that all living things must possess? 1. 2. 3. 4. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Definition Example(s) 05.01 The Cell - Cell Study Guide You may use the stop button on the lower left hand side of the interactive at any time. To begin playing again you will need to click the large forward arrow. Structures that perform all of the tasks that keep an organism alive are called______________. The tasks that the cell performs include: On the right hand side of this chart, you will fill in the name of the organelle described, that performs the job listed on the left hand side of the chart. ORGANELLE JOB THAT IT PERFORMS The jellylike substance that fills the cell. Organelles float in this. The cell’s command center that directs all of the cell's activities. Contains genetic information. Provides the energy for the cell. They use oxygen taken in by the cell to release energy. Packages and transports material within the cell. Builds proteins Processes materials for storage or to be transported out of the cell. Store and transport materials. Contain chemicals that break down substances in the cell. Protective covering that separates the cell from its outside environment. Why are centrioles so important in cell division? Phase Image What phase is this? Definition Meiosis allows for: __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ . The sex cells that males produce are called _____________. The sex cells that females produce are called ____________. Without Meiosis, we would not have the ___________ __________ of organisms we have today. Are the same because: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Are different because: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Explain the process of budding: __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is fertilization? _____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ List two advantages of asexual reproduction: ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ List two disadvantages of asexual reproduction: __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ List two advantages of sexual reproduction: ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ List two disadvantages of sexual reproduction: ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fill in the definition for the terms presented at the beginning of this lesson. Term Definition chromosomes genes DNA nucleotides polygenetic genetics _____________________________ are structures found in a cell’s nucleus (center) and are made of _____________. Chromosomes _________________ and ________________ during mitosis and meiosis. A sex cell created by meiosis, either sperm or egg, has ___________ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. When sex cells join, they create new cells with _______________ the chromosomes from each individual and therefore, a ________________ of characteristics from each parent. Genotype describes the ___________ _____________ ____________ of an individual. A person’s genotype tells us exactly what ____________ _________ ___________. You cannot see someone’s genetic makeup. Genotypes are _____ ______________. Phenotypes are the _________________ __________ of an individual which the individual’s genes have expressed. Gregor Mendel Why is Gregor Mendel sometimes considered to be the King of Inheritance? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ What is an allele? _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ How are dominant and recessive alleles different from one another? _______________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ What is a Punnet Square? _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why would we want to use a Punnet Square? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is a pedigree chart? ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Why would we want to use a pedigree chart? _________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ cloning Definition Advantages Disadvantages artificial selection Definition Advantages Disadvantages genetic engineering Definition Advantages Disadvantages How is the Labradoodle an example of Artificial Selection? ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ How is the sheep an example of cloning? _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.00 Welcome to Module Five 5.01 The Cell What is considered the basic unit of life? What are the four special characteristics of all living things? What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? Why is the nucleus so important to the function of the cell? ** Use the Cell Study Guide found in the Lesson Tab to determine the different organelles and their functions in the cell. ** 5.02 Mitosis What is the purpose of Mitosis? Describe what is happening in each of the following phases of Mitosis: * Interphase * Prophase * Metaphase * Anaphase * Telophase What roll do centrioles play in Mitosis? 5.03 Meiosis What is the purpose of Meiosis? What step occurs in Meiosis 1, that does NOT occur in Meiosis 2? (Remember, this step is vital is duplicating the chromosomes for division.) Why are there only 23 chromosomes in each of the four cells, at the end of Meiosis? 5.04 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Use the Venn Diagram on the Introduction Tab of this lesson, to compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. What are some advantages of asexual reproduction? Describe the examples of asexual reproduction, introduced in our lesson. What is fertilization? What type of reproduction creates genetic variety in organisms? 5.05 DNA: Introduction to Heredity Define the terms chromosomes, genes, and nucleotides. Describe DNA and what it is responsible for in our cells? List the 4 nucleotides found in DNA? What are polygenetic traits? 5.06 Genotypes and Phenotypes What is the difference between a Phenotype and a Genotype? What do we call the different forms of a gene? If a dominant gene and recessive gene are present, which trait will be expressed? dominant or recessive If two recessive alleles are present which trait, which trait will be expressed? dominant or recessive 5.07 Predicting Genotypes and Phenotypes What is the purpose of a Punnett Square? Use a Punnett Square to determine the following: Detached earlobes are dominant. A child inherits genes with the genotype: EE and ee. What is the percentage that they will have detached earlobes? What is the purpose of a Pedigree Chart? 5.08 Biotechnology and Genes Define the terms cloning, artificial selection, and genetic engineering. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of cloning, artificial selection and genetic engineering? 5.09 Module 5 Oral Exam 5.10 Module 5 Exam Students completing the advanced coursework will complete the 5.10 Advanced Module 5 Exam instead of this exam. ***************** ADVANCED STUDENTS ONLY ***************** 5.06 Advanced: Meiosis and More Describe gametes, crossing over, independent assortment, and genetic mutations. Describe how diploid cells result in haploid cells. 5.08 Advanced: Organization of the Living World What are some ways organisms can be classified? What are the six different kingdoms that scientists group organisms? What are the groups that organisms can be grouped into?