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Putman/Biol 241
UNIT 03 PRACTICE EXAM (PART 1): CYTOLOGY
1. Cells begin
a. as undifferentiated stem cells.
b. as differentiated stem cells.
c. as fully-functioning, adult cells.
2. Cellular structure that defines the boundaries of the cell:
a. Nucleus
b. Nuclear envelope
c. Mitochondria
d. Plasma membrane
3. Cellular structure responsible for selective permeability:
a. Plasma membrane
b. Nuclear envelope
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
4. Approximately half of the plasma membrane is made up of
a. Phospholipids
b. Proteins
c. Cholesterol
d. Glycolipids
5. Of the lipid content of the cell membrane, approximately what percent is phospholipids?
a. 90%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 20%
6. Roughly 20% of the lipid component of plasma membranes is
a. Protein
b. Glycolipids
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cholesterol
7. What percentage of the lipid component of plasma membranes is made up of glycolipids?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 25%
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8. Which best describes the structure of phospholipids?
a. Phosphate “head” is hydrophilic, hydrocarbon “tails” are hydrophobic
b. Phosphate “head” is hydrophobic, hydrocarbon “tails” are hydrophobic
c. Both phosphate “heads” and hydrocarbon “tails” are hydrophobic
d. Both phosphate “heads” and hydrocarbon “tails” are hydrophilic
9. Which part of a phospholipid can hydrogen bond with water?
a. Phosphate “head”
b. Hydrocarbon “tails”
10. In the formation of lipid bilayers, how do the hydrocarbon tails orient themselves?
a. Outside bilayer, associating with water
b. Inside bilayer, away from water
c. Some on inside of bilayer, some on outside of bilayer, stabilizing membrane
11. Which best describes the lipid bilayer?
a. Relatively stable, moving very little
b. Very stable, not moving, inflexible
c. Fluid, moving, flexible
12. Have hydrocarbon “tails,” that embed within bilayer, and oligosaccharide “bushes” extending
into extracellular face of cell:
a. Phospholipids
b. Glycoproteins
c. Cholesterol
d. Glycolipids
13. Form antigens, responsible for cell-to-cell communication:
a. Glycoproteins
b. Glycolipids
c. Glycoproteins and glycolipids
d. Glycoproteins, glycolipids and cholesterol
14. Functions to stabilize the plasma membrane:
a. Glycoprotein
b. Cholesterol
c. Phospholipids
d. Anchor proteins
e. b and d
15. Span the lipid bilayer:
a. Peripheral proteins
b. Integral proteins
16. Have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions that correspond to analogous regions of lipid
bilayer, allowing them to span lipid bilayer:
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a. Peripheral proteins
b. Integral proteins
17. Responsible for cell-to-cell recognition:
a. Glycolipids
b. Anchor proteins
c. Junction proteins
d. Glycoproteins
e. a and d
18. Provide passage for ions to diffuse through hydrophobic part of lipid bilayer:
a. Channel proteins
b. Receptor proteins
c. Transport proteins
d. Anchor proteins
e. Enzymes
19. Provide binding sites for ligands:
a. Channel proteins
b. Receptor proteins
c. Transport proteins
d. Anchor proteins
e. Enzymes
20. Either integral or peripheral; catalyze reactions of substrates into products:
a. Channel proteins
b. Receptor proteins
c. Transport proteins
d. Anchor proteins
e. Enzymes
21. Connect cells together
a. Junction proteins
b. Oligosaccharides of glycocalyx
c. Anchor proteins
d. a and b
e. a, b and c
22. The fusion of integral proteins between membranes resulting in a connection that generally
does not allow materials to pass between cells:
a. Tight junctions
b. Desmosomes
c. Gap junctions
23. Protein plaques, anchored deep within cytoplasm, with extensions outside of cell that joint
with the same kinds of extension from other cells; do allow materials to pass between cells:
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a. Tight junctions
b. Desmosomes
c. Gap junctions
24. Provide channels between cells so that the cytoplasm of one cell can intermingle with
cytoplasm of the next cell; do allow materials to pass between cells:
a. Tight junctions
b. Desmosomes
c. Gap junctions
25. A characteristic of passive transport:
a. Energy not needed for particle movement across membrane
b. Energy needed for particle movement across membrane, provided by kinetic energy
c. Energy needed for particle movement, provided by ATP
d. Energy needed for particle movement, provided by concentration gradients of second
substance
26. A system where there is a high concentration of a particular particle in one area and a lower
concentration of the same particle in another area:
a. Concentration gradient
b. Kinetic energy
c. Active transport
27. The phenomenon whereby particles move randomly from high concentration to low
concentration:
a. Concentration gradient
b. Kinetic energy
c. Diffusion
28. The energy that drives diffusion:
a. Potential energy
b. Kinetic energy
c. ATP
29. The rate of passive transport increases with
a. Increased temperature
b. Increased kinetic energy
c. Decreased particle size
d. All the above
30. The passage of materials from high to low concentration directly through the lipid bilayer,
without help from an integral protein:
a. Passive transport
b. Simple diffusion
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Active transport
e. Symport
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31. Directly requires ATP:
a. Passive transport
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Primary active transport
d. Secondary active transport
32. Which cannot cross though the lipid bilayer:
a. O2, CO2
b. Water
c. Methanol, ethanol
d. Steroids
e. Amino acids
33. Which can cross through the lipid bilayer:
a. Amino acids
b. Glucose
c. Vitamin D
d. Triglycerides
e. Nucleic acids
34. Osmosis is the
a. simple diffusion of water.
b. the diffusion of water across a membrane.
c. the active transport of water across a membrane.
35. Water concentration in cell same as in solution:
a. Isotonic solution
b. Hypertonic solution
c. Hypotonic solution
36. Water concentration in cell less than in solution:
a. Isotonic solution
b. Hypertonic solution
c. Hypotonic solution
37. Possible result: Cell lysis.
a. Cell in isotonic solution
b. Cell in hypertonic solution
c. Cell in hypotonic solution
38. Possible result: Cell crenation.
a. Cell in isotonic solution
b. Cell in hypertonic solution
c. Cell in hypotonic solution
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39. Water flows out of cell in this environment:
a. Isotonic solution
b. Hypertonic solution
c. Hypotonic solution
40. Water flows into cell in this environment:
a. Isotonic solution
b. Hypertonic solution
c. Hypotonic solution
41. Organ that works to keep blood osmolarity isotonic:
a. Liver
b. Spleen
c. Small intestine
d. Kidney
42. Cannot pass through lipid bilayer:
a. Water
b. CO2, O2
c. Na+, Ca++, HCO3+
d. Urea
43. Passage through a membrane of a particle from high to low concentration, using integral
proteins:
a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Simple diffusion
c. Active transport
44. Allow passage of ions through a protein across membrane from high to low concentration:
a. Transport protein
b. Carrier protein
c. Channel protein
45. In facilitated diffusion, what powers the shape change of a transport protein?
a. ATP
b. Na+ or H+
c. Kinetic energy
d. Nothing; no energy is needed since the target particle is moving with its gradient.
46. Which molecule move across plasma membranes using facilitated diffusion involving
transport proteins?
a. Amino acids
b. Glucose
c. Urea
d. a and b only
e. all the above
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47. Moves materials against concentration gradients across the plasma membrane using ATP to
change the shape of the carrier protein:
a. Active transport
b. Primary active transport
c. Secondary active transport
d. Facilitated diffusion
48. In the Na+-K+ pump, what powers the shape change of the transporter?
a. Na+ binding
b. Phosphorylation
c. K+ binding
d. Na+ release
49. Regarding the Na+-K+ pump mechanism, which is not true?
a. Three Na+ bind inside cell and are moved out of cell.
b. Two K+ bind outside of cell and are move into cell.
c. Na+ binding causes phosphate to be released.
50. Uses concentration gradient of a second substance, such as Na+ or H+, to power the shape
change of a transporter, pumping a target substance across the plasma membrane against its
gradient:
a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Primary active transport
c. Secondary active transport
51. A type of secondary active transport where both substances move in opposite directions:
a. Symport
b. Antiport
c. Cotransport
52. The general process whereby large amounts of materials are taken into vesicles into the cell:
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
e. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
53. Small amounts of fluids brought into vesicles; no receptors involved:
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
e. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
54. Cells attach to pathogens or debris via receptors, bring particles into vesicles:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
55. Process enabling cells of all kinds to bring in large amounts of a specific molecule:
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
e. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
56. Neutrophils can’t do this; instead, they store indigestible materials in residual bodies,
eventually exploding into pus when full:
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
e. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
57. The cytosol is the fluid component of the cell
a. True
b. False
58. Cells that require a lot of energy would have quite a few of these:
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Ribosomes
d. Peroxisomes
e. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
59. Site of polypeptide synthesis
a. Ribosomes
b. Lysosomes
c. Nucleus
d. Nucleolus
e. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
60. Makes all of the proteins needed by the cell:
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Ribosomes
d. Peroxisomes
e. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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61. Modifies and packages proteins received via vesicles:
a. Smooth ER
b. Rough ER
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Centrosomes
e. Lysosomes
62. Site of cholesterol synthesis (liver):
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Rough ER
c. Smooth ER
d. Lysosomes
e. Peroxisomes
63. Makes phospholipids and membranes:
a. Peroxisomes
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Rough ER
d. Smooth ER
e. Lysosomes
64. This substance enters mitochondria, giving it the energy to rephosphorylate ADP:
a. Pyruvate
b. Glucose
c. CO2
d. Lactic acid
65. May be affected by antibiotics that kill bacteria:
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Mitochondria
c. Lysosomes
d. Rough ER
e. Smooth ER
66. Site of steroid synthesis:
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Smooth ER
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes
e. Rough ER
67. Site of alcohol and drug detoxification:
a. Rough ER
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes
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e. Smooth ER
68. Contains enzymes that cleave off one glucose at a time from stored glucogen:
a. Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
e. Lysosomes
69. Most closely associated with Tay-Sac’s disease:
a. Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
e. Lysosomes
70. Not a component of the endomembrane system:
a. Microtubules
b. ER
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Lysosomes
e. Peroxisomes
71. Like ropes of woven protein; function to stabilize organelle position:
a. Microtubules
b. Microfilaments
c. Intermediate filaments
d. Centrioles
72. Strands of actin protein; function with myosin to cause cell movement:
a. Intermediate filaments
b. Microtubules
c. Microfilaments
d. Centrioles
73. Serve as guides for the movement of organelles:
a. Microtubules
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microfilaments
d. Centrioles
74. Vesicles containing oxidases and catalases:
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Proteosomes
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75. Vesicles containing digestive enzymes; associated with apoptosis:
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Golgi apparatus
76. Most closely associated with the detoxification of free radicals:
a. Smooth ER
b. Peroxisomes
c. Lysosomes
d. Rough ER
77. Organelle that fuses with food vesicles, releasing enzymes into vesicle, digesting its contents:
a. Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
c. Peroxisomes
d. Lysosomes
78. Which is not associated with Tay-Sac’s disease?
a. Defective enzyme needed to digest glycolipids of nervous system
b. Mental retardation, blindness, seizures and death by age 4
c. Has a cure
79. Helps remodel the body during development by digesting old cells:
a. Smooth ER
b. Peroxisomes
c. Lysosomes
d. Rough ER
80. Structure includes nine triplets of microtubules:
a. Cilia and flagella
b. Centriole
c. Basal bodies
d. All the above
81. Structure of 9 paired microtubules plus two in the middle:
a. Cilia and flagella
b. Centriole
c. Basal bodies
d. c and d
82. Short and very numerous; move fluids across surface of stationary cells:
a. Cilia
b. Flagella
83. Cells that absorb quite a bit tend to have these:
a. Mitochondria
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b. Microvilli
c. Cilia
d. Rough ER
84. Function of nuclear pore complex proteins:
a. Regulate what enters/leaves the nucleus
b. Regulate what enters/leaves the nucleolus
c. Synthesize ribosomes for the nucleus
d. Are enzymes that catalyze the production of ATP for the nucleus
85. Contains genes (DNA) necessary to code for polypeptides needed by the cell:
a. Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
c. Nucleus
d. Nucleolus
86. Chromatin is made of
a. Chromosomes
b. Genes
c. DNA + histone proteins
d. Just DNA
87. Assemble ribosome components:
a. Chromatin
b. Nucleolus
c. RNA
d. Histone proteins
KEY
1a, 2d, 3a, 4b, 5b, 6d, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10b, 11c, 12d, 13c, 14e, 15b, 16b, 17e, 18a, 19b, 20e, 21e, 22a,
23b, 24c, 25b, 26a, 27c, 28b, 29d, 30b, 31c, 32e, 33c, 34b, 35a, 36c, 37c, 38b, 39b, 40c, 41d,
42c, 43a, 44c, 45c, 46d, 47b, 48b, 49c, 50c, 51b, 52b, 53c, 54d, 55e, 56a, 57a, 58b, 59a, 60e,
61c, 62c, 63c, 64a, 65b, 66b, 67e, 68b, 69e, 70a, 71c, 72c, 73a, 74b, 75a, 76b, 77d, 78c, 79c,
80d, 81a, 82a, 83b, 84a, 85c, 86c, 87b.
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