Download Geology Study Guide

Geology Study Guide
Things to study:
Chapter 10 & 11 bookwork sheets
Worksheets, foldable, and notes
Take practice quizzes on my website
THIS STUDY GUIDE!
vocabulary below (academic make flashcards for +5)
make sure you know the following plates:
o academic knows the 7 MAJOR plates
o GT knows the 14 plates MAJOR and MINOR plates
Vocabulary:
Cementation
Cleavage/Fracture
Convergent boundary
Deposition
Divergent boundary
Extrusive Igneous rock
Gemstone
Geology
Hardness/Moh’s scale
Intrusive Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Mineral
Plate tectonic theory
Rock cycle
Sediment
Sedimentary rock
Streak
Transform boundary
GEOLOGY EXAM IS ___Weds. 12/4____
Review sessions are Mon 12/2 3:30-4:15 Pickett 220
Tues 12/3 7:45-8:23 Helm 222
Tues 12/3 3:30-4:15 Simpson 221 and Tucker 223
Flashcards are due ____ Weds. 12/4_______
Study Guide due ____Mon. 12/2_______
Inside Earth
Understanding Main Ideas
Fill in the blanks in the table below.
Main Layers of Earth
1.
Mantle
3.
4.
Description
Outer layer of solid rock surrounding the
surface and the upper mantle
Hot but mostly 2. _______________________
material surrounding the core
Hot liquid layer of iron and nickel
Hot, 5. _________________________ layer of
iron and nickel
6. What conditions and forces do geologists study?
7. Explain convection currents…(where are they, how do they move, what do they cause)
Building Vocabulary
Fill in the blank to complete each statement.
8. The material that makes up Earth’s hard outer surface is____________________________.
9. The science of _____________________________is the study of planet Earth.
10. The ___________________________includes the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
11 Scientists who study Earth and the processes that shape it are known as _____________________________.
Directions: Use the chart to answer the questions below
1. Name one mineral that you can scratch with
your fingernail.
2. Which mineral can scratch anything?
3. Which object can scratch feldspar but not
quartz?
4. Which object can scratch apatite but not
feldspar?
Minerals
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions.
1. List five characteristics that minerals share. (use your mineral notes) NOT PROPERTIES!!
a. _________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________________________________
e. _________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe two ways in which minerals can form.
1.___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Building Vocabulary
If the statement is true, write true. If
it is false, change the underlined word or words to
make the statement true.
_________________ 3. Formed in the mantle, molten material called lava cools to form minerals below Earth’s
surface.
_________________ 4. Narrow bands of mineral called veins form underground from solutions.
_________________ 5. The repeating pattern of atoms in a mineral form a solid known as a fracture.
_________________ 6. The color of a mineral’s powder is known as luster.
_________________ 7. The density of a mineral is how much mass is contained in a given volume of that
mineral.
_________________ 8. Its beauty and hardness are two reasons why a gemstone is a valued mineral.
_________________ 9. Minerals that form irregular surfaces when they break apart have a property called
cleavage.
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions.
1. Name the three major groups of rocks.
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What type of rock forms when extreme heat and pressure below Earth’s surface changes rock?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. How do sedimentary rocks form?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the rock cycle?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Building Vocabulary
Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line
beside the term in the left column.
________ 5. intrusive rock
a. solid material made up of one or more minerals
________ 6. deposition
b. one of the particles that make up a rock
________ 7. grain
c. forms when magma cools and hardens
________ 8. rock
d. size, shape, and arrangement of grains
________ 9. texture
e. forms when lava cools and hardens
________ 10. extrusive rock
f. process that moves sediment from place to place
________ 11. sediment
g. process in which sediment is laid down
________ 12. erosion
h. rock particles or material from living things
Write the letter or letters in the appropriate circle of the diagram below.
a. Cementation and compaction
b. Heat and Pressure
c. Weathering, erosion, deposition
d. Cooling and solidification
e. Melting
Plate Tectonics
1. What is the theory of plate tectonics?
2. What are the 3 types of movement at the plate boundaries?
Building Vocabulary
3. Cracks between the plates of Earth’s lithosphere are known as_____________________________.
4. The lithosphere is broken into pieces, called _____________________________, that move over Earth’s
surface.
5. The great landmass called ________________________________ formed millions of years ago when the
continents collided.
Plate Tectonics
1. ACADEMIC - Label the 7 major plates above
2. Divergent boundary
a. Define/explain:
b. What types of landforms are created?
c. Name a SPECIFIC example on our planet:
3. Convergent boundary
a. Define/explain:
b. What types of landforms are created?
c. Name a SPECIFIC example on our planet:
4. Transform boundary
a. Define/explain:
b. What do transform boundaries cause?
c. Name a SPECIFIC example on our planet:
GT – Label them ALL in the picture above
Chp. 10/Chp.11 Assessment
Chp.10
Circle the right answer:
1. Earth’s rigid outer layers make up the
inner core
outer core
lithosphere mantle.
2. To learn the structure of earth’s interior geologists study
the magnetic field
the luster of minerals
sedimentary rocks seismic waves.
3. An example of an igneous rock is
gneiss
basalt
marble
limestone.
4. The continental crust slowly folds and pile on top of each other and form _____ when they collide.
sea-floor spreading mountain ranges rift valleys trenches
Circle true/false and if false, CHANGE the underlined word:
5. Earth’s inner core is largely made of basalt and granite. TRUE
FALSE
6. Erosion moves particles of sediment from place to place on earth’s surface. TRUE
FALSE
7. Sedimentary rocks are formed by hear and pressure deep beneath earth’s surface. TRUE
8. Plates pull apart, come together, or slide past each other along the plate boundaries. TRUE
Checking concepts:
9. How is the outer core different from the inner core?
10. Name four PROPERTIES of minerals that are used to tell them apart:
11. What do the size of a mineral’s crystals tell you about HOW it was formed?
FALSE
FALSE