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Geology Study Guide Things to study: Chapter 10 & 11 bookwork sheets Worksheets, foldable, and notes Take practice quizzes on my website THIS STUDY GUIDE! vocabulary below (academic make flashcards for +5) make sure you know the following plates: o academic knows the 7 MAJOR plates o GT knows the 14 plates MAJOR and MINOR plates Vocabulary: Cementation Cleavage/Fracture Convergent boundary Deposition Divergent boundary Extrusive Igneous rock Gemstone Geology Hardness/Moh’s scale Intrusive Igneous rock Metamorphic rock Mineral Plate tectonic theory Rock cycle Sediment Sedimentary rock Streak Transform boundary GEOLOGY EXAM IS ___Weds. 12/4____ Review sessions are Mon 12/2 3:30-4:15 Pickett 220 Tues 12/3 7:45-8:23 Helm 222 Tues 12/3 3:30-4:15 Simpson 221 and Tucker 223 Flashcards are due ____ Weds. 12/4_______ Study Guide due ____Mon. 12/2_______ Inside Earth Understanding Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below. Main Layers of Earth 1. Mantle 3. 4. Description Outer layer of solid rock surrounding the surface and the upper mantle Hot but mostly 2. _______________________ material surrounding the core Hot liquid layer of iron and nickel Hot, 5. _________________________ layer of iron and nickel 6. What conditions and forces do geologists study? 7. Explain convection currents…(where are they, how do they move, what do they cause) Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 8. The material that makes up Earth’s hard outer surface is____________________________. 9. The science of _____________________________is the study of planet Earth. 10. The ___________________________includes the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. 11 Scientists who study Earth and the processes that shape it are known as _____________________________. Directions: Use the chart to answer the questions below 1. Name one mineral that you can scratch with your fingernail. 2. Which mineral can scratch anything? 3. Which object can scratch feldspar but not quartz? 4. Which object can scratch apatite but not feldspar? Minerals Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. List five characteristics that minerals share. (use your mineral notes) NOT PROPERTIES!! a. _________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________________ d. _________________________________________________________________________ e. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe two ways in which minerals can form. 1.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. _________________ 3. Formed in the mantle, molten material called lava cools to form minerals below Earth’s surface. _________________ 4. Narrow bands of mineral called veins form underground from solutions. _________________ 5. The repeating pattern of atoms in a mineral form a solid known as a fracture. _________________ 6. The color of a mineral’s powder is known as luster. _________________ 7. The density of a mineral is how much mass is contained in a given volume of that mineral. _________________ 8. Its beauty and hardness are two reasons why a gemstone is a valued mineral. _________________ 9. Minerals that form irregular surfaces when they break apart have a property called cleavage. Rocks and the Rock Cycle Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. Name the three major groups of rocks. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. What type of rock forms when extreme heat and pressure below Earth’s surface changes rock? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do sedimentary rocks form? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the rock cycle? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition in the right column on the line beside the term in the left column. ________ 5. intrusive rock a. solid material made up of one or more minerals ________ 6. deposition b. one of the particles that make up a rock ________ 7. grain c. forms when magma cools and hardens ________ 8. rock d. size, shape, and arrangement of grains ________ 9. texture e. forms when lava cools and hardens ________ 10. extrusive rock f. process that moves sediment from place to place ________ 11. sediment g. process in which sediment is laid down ________ 12. erosion h. rock particles or material from living things Write the letter or letters in the appropriate circle of the diagram below. a. Cementation and compaction b. Heat and Pressure c. Weathering, erosion, deposition d. Cooling and solidification e. Melting Plate Tectonics 1. What is the theory of plate tectonics? 2. What are the 3 types of movement at the plate boundaries? Building Vocabulary 3. Cracks between the plates of Earth’s lithosphere are known as_____________________________. 4. The lithosphere is broken into pieces, called _____________________________, that move over Earth’s surface. 5. The great landmass called ________________________________ formed millions of years ago when the continents collided. Plate Tectonics 1. ACADEMIC - Label the 7 major plates above 2. Divergent boundary a. Define/explain: b. What types of landforms are created? c. Name a SPECIFIC example on our planet: 3. Convergent boundary a. Define/explain: b. What types of landforms are created? c. Name a SPECIFIC example on our planet: 4. Transform boundary a. Define/explain: b. What do transform boundaries cause? c. Name a SPECIFIC example on our planet: GT – Label them ALL in the picture above Chp. 10/Chp.11 Assessment Chp.10 Circle the right answer: 1. Earth’s rigid outer layers make up the inner core outer core lithosphere mantle. 2. To learn the structure of earth’s interior geologists study the magnetic field the luster of minerals sedimentary rocks seismic waves. 3. An example of an igneous rock is gneiss basalt marble limestone. 4. The continental crust slowly folds and pile on top of each other and form _____ when they collide. sea-floor spreading mountain ranges rift valleys trenches Circle true/false and if false, CHANGE the underlined word: 5. Earth’s inner core is largely made of basalt and granite. TRUE FALSE 6. Erosion moves particles of sediment from place to place on earth’s surface. TRUE FALSE 7. Sedimentary rocks are formed by hear and pressure deep beneath earth’s surface. TRUE 8. Plates pull apart, come together, or slide past each other along the plate boundaries. TRUE Checking concepts: 9. How is the outer core different from the inner core? 10. Name four PROPERTIES of minerals that are used to tell them apart: 11. What do the size of a mineral’s crystals tell you about HOW it was formed? FALSE FALSE