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The Rise and Fall of the Roman
Republic
Chapter 3: The Imperial Republic
By Dallin Hardy
Rome Conquers the Mediterranean

Carthage



800 B.C.
Phoenician colony
North Africa

Carthaginian Empire





North Africa
Southern Spain
Sardinia
Corsica
Western Sicily
A Fateful Choice

The First Punic War

264-241 B.C.


Punicus


Sought to take Sicily
Rome built a large navy


Latin for Phoenician
Rome


23 years
1st overseas invasion
Battle of Aegates Islands

Results


Roman naval victory
Rome gained
 Sicily


237-228 B.C.
Carthaginians

Took control of most of
Spain



Hamilcar Barca
Hasdrubal
Established New Carthage

Hannibal’s Oath


Son of Hamilcar Barca
"I swear so soon as age
will permit...I will use fire
and steel to arrest the
destiny of Rome."

The Second Punic War



218-201 B.C.
“The War Against
Hannibal”
Carthage sought revenge

Hannibal




Hamilcar’s son
Sacked Saguntum
219-218 BC
The beginning of the 2nd
Punic War

Saguntum

Hannibal



46,000 men
37 Battle elephants
Crossed the Alps

Lost


1/3rd of his men
All but one elephant

Battle of Lake Trasimene


217 B.C.
Carthage



Hannibal
50,000
Rome


Flaminius
40,000

Results


Carthaginian victory
Romans

All 40,000



Captured
Killed
Drowned

The Battle of Cannae


216 B.C.
Carthaginians



Hannibal
54,000 men
Romans


Varro
87,000 men

Results


Carthaginian victory
Casualties

Rome


Carthage


70,000 Killed
6,000 Killed
Costs of Empire

Imperial expansion has a
high price

Stalemate


216-203 B.C.
Italy

Fabius Maximus



Roman general
“The Delayer”
Used delaying tactics

Marcus Claudius Marcellus


Military General
Took Syracuse

Siege of Syracuse


214-212
Results


Roman victory
Death of Archimedes
Scipio’s Defiance

Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio



Roman general
Military strategist
Orator

Continence of Scipio

Scipio


Refused the gift of a
beautiful captured
woman
Returned her to her
fiancé

Rome’s African Campaign

Scipio took the war to

Carthage

Hannibal Abandons the
Siege of Rome


203 B.C.
After


15 Years in Italy
Returned to

Carthage

The Battle of Zama




202 B.C.
Final battle of the 2nd
Punic War
Fought near Carthage
Carthage

Hannibal



54,000
80 War elephants
Roma

Scipio

43,000

Results




Roman Victory
Ended the 2nd Punic War
Rome became the dominant
power in the Mediterranean
Romans

Casualties


1,500 Killed
Carthaginians

Casualties

20,000 Killed
War Without End

Macedonian Wars


214-148 B.C.
Five separate conflicts
between


Rome
Greece

The Fourth Macedonian War




150-148 B.C.
Rome vs. Macedon
Roman victory
Rome controlled Greece

Lusitanian War




155-139 B.C.
“War of Fire”
Hispania
Viriathus

Lusitanian general
Social Decay

Cult of Bacchanalia



Introduced in Rome
186 B.C.
Worshiped

Bacchus


Sought to corrupt Roman



God of wine
Morals
Values
Conspired to undermine
the Roman Government

“Never has there been
so much wickedness in
this commonwealth,
never wickedness
affecting so many
people, nor manifesting
itself in so many ways….
And they have not yet
put into practice all the
crimes towards which
they have conspired…. It
aims at the supreme
power in the state.”

Consul Spurius Postumius
Carthage’s Last Stand

The Third Punic War



149-146 B.C.
The last Punic War
Carthage was a threat to
the Roman Empire

Rome sought the
complete destruction of
Carthage

“Furthermore, it is my
opinion that Carthage
must be destroyed.”

Cato

The Battle of Carthage




Rome



149 B.C.
Siege on Carthage
Lasts three years
Scipio Aemilianus
40,000
Carthage


Hasdrubal
90,000

Results




Roman Victory
Civilians were killed
Carthage is completely
destroyed
Rome

Casualties


17,000
Carthage

Casualties

62,000

Rome




Became the master of the
Mediterranean Sea
Empire
Dominated other
countries
Empires

Inherently unstable