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Transcript
The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic Chapter 3: The Imperial Republic By Dallin Hardy Rome Conquers the Mediterranean Carthage 800 B.C. Phoenician colony North Africa Carthaginian Empire North Africa Southern Spain Sardinia Corsica Western Sicily A Fateful Choice The First Punic War 264-241 B.C. Punicus Sought to take Sicily Rome built a large navy Latin for Phoenician Rome 23 years 1st overseas invasion Battle of Aegates Islands Results Roman naval victory Rome gained Sicily 237-228 B.C. Carthaginians Took control of most of Spain Hamilcar Barca Hasdrubal Established New Carthage Hannibal’s Oath Son of Hamilcar Barca "I swear so soon as age will permit...I will use fire and steel to arrest the destiny of Rome." The Second Punic War 218-201 B.C. “The War Against Hannibal” Carthage sought revenge Hannibal Hamilcar’s son Sacked Saguntum 219-218 BC The beginning of the 2nd Punic War Saguntum Hannibal 46,000 men 37 Battle elephants Crossed the Alps Lost 1/3rd of his men All but one elephant Battle of Lake Trasimene 217 B.C. Carthage Hannibal 50,000 Rome Flaminius 40,000 Results Carthaginian victory Romans All 40,000 Captured Killed Drowned The Battle of Cannae 216 B.C. Carthaginians Hannibal 54,000 men Romans Varro 87,000 men Results Carthaginian victory Casualties Rome Carthage 70,000 Killed 6,000 Killed Costs of Empire Imperial expansion has a high price Stalemate 216-203 B.C. Italy Fabius Maximus Roman general “The Delayer” Used delaying tactics Marcus Claudius Marcellus Military General Took Syracuse Siege of Syracuse 214-212 Results Roman victory Death of Archimedes Scipio’s Defiance Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Roman general Military strategist Orator Continence of Scipio Scipio Refused the gift of a beautiful captured woman Returned her to her fiancé Rome’s African Campaign Scipio took the war to Carthage Hannibal Abandons the Siege of Rome 203 B.C. After 15 Years in Italy Returned to Carthage The Battle of Zama 202 B.C. Final battle of the 2nd Punic War Fought near Carthage Carthage Hannibal 54,000 80 War elephants Roma Scipio 43,000 Results Roman Victory Ended the 2nd Punic War Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean Romans Casualties 1,500 Killed Carthaginians Casualties 20,000 Killed War Without End Macedonian Wars 214-148 B.C. Five separate conflicts between Rome Greece The Fourth Macedonian War 150-148 B.C. Rome vs. Macedon Roman victory Rome controlled Greece Lusitanian War 155-139 B.C. “War of Fire” Hispania Viriathus Lusitanian general Social Decay Cult of Bacchanalia Introduced in Rome 186 B.C. Worshiped Bacchus Sought to corrupt Roman God of wine Morals Values Conspired to undermine the Roman Government “Never has there been so much wickedness in this commonwealth, never wickedness affecting so many people, nor manifesting itself in so many ways…. And they have not yet put into practice all the crimes towards which they have conspired…. It aims at the supreme power in the state.” Consul Spurius Postumius Carthage’s Last Stand The Third Punic War 149-146 B.C. The last Punic War Carthage was a threat to the Roman Empire Rome sought the complete destruction of Carthage “Furthermore, it is my opinion that Carthage must be destroyed.” Cato The Battle of Carthage Rome 149 B.C. Siege on Carthage Lasts three years Scipio Aemilianus 40,000 Carthage Hasdrubal 90,000 Results Roman Victory Civilians were killed Carthage is completely destroyed Rome Casualties 17,000 Carthage Casualties 62,000 Rome Became the master of the Mediterranean Sea Empire Dominated other countries Empires Inherently unstable