Download Earth Science Study Guide - Effingham County Schools

Earth Science Study Guide
Test Date ____________
Define these terms:
1. crust- earth’s rocky outer layer
2. deposition-sediments are moved from one place and dropped or released in another place.
3. erosion-the carrying away of sediments by moving water, wind, or ice.
4. topographic map-a map that shows the shape of surface features and their elevations, or
heights above sea level.
5. destructive force-wear down Earth’s surface
6. constructive force-Build up Earth’s surface
7. delta-a low plain that forms where a river enters an ocean.
Answer the following questions:
8. What is most of the Earth’s surface covered with?
water
9. Name six of Earth’s landforms?
Mountains, hills, mountain valleys, plateaus, plains, river valleys, flood plains
10. What are the two types of weathering? How are they different?
Mechanical and Chemical. Mechanical is the breaking of larger rocks into smaller pieces
of rock, called sediment. It does not change the type of rock. Chemical weathering
changes rock into other materials. Acidic water dissolves certain minerals in the rock,
changing it to a new type.
11. How is a sinkhole formed?
Chemical weathering creates caves in rock under the surface. After thousands of years the
rock above the cave has little support and collapses.
12. What is magma?
Melted rock below Earth’s surface.
13. How were the Hawaiin Islands formed?
Lava from volcanoes build up in huge deposits with gently sloping slides called shield cones.
14. How was the Grand Canyon formed?
Erosion by the Colorado River wearing away the canyon floor.
15. What caused the Appalachain Mountains to rise?
The actions of plants and animals. (pg. 6 in textbook)
16. How are coral reefs formed?
In shallow tropical waters, tiny animals called corals gather in colonies. As corals die,
their skeletons build up into a bumpy ridge called a reef.
17. List three examples of constructive forces.
Deposition; Volcanic eruptions, plates colliding; glacial deposits
18. List three examples of destructive forces.
Weathering, Erosion, Sinkhole, landslide