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DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF THE FORMATION OF SURFACE FEATURES IN NEW ZEALAND Achievement Standard: Science 1.13 6 weeks ACHIEVEMENT OBJECTIVES: Planet Earth and Beyond Earth Systems Investigate the external and internal processes that shape and change the surface features of New Zealand Surface feature contexts: Alpine fault and other faults. Mountain ranges such as the Southern Alps. Glacial features and valleys. TEXTS: ESA revision Guide (ESA) New Directions in Science (ND) Literacy Focus: Key words/terms: core, mantle, crust, tectonic plate, convection current, Gondwanaland, plate boundary, earthquake, fault, seismometer, seismograph, Richter scale, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, weathering, erosion, transport, sediment, deposition, compression, uplift, glacier, freeze & thaw. Useful websites: Gondwana splits: http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2.html Maps of continents over time: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm Savage earth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/index.html Mantle convection: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html Geology animations: http://duedall.fit.edu/wholeearth/geology_animations1.htm Tsunami: http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/ Old Faithful webcam: http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/oldfaithfulcam.htm How the Asian tsunami occurred: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4136289.stm Pyroclastic flow video: http://www.maniacworld.com/erupting-volcano.htm Best NZ Natural hazards and disasters: http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/en Himalaya formation: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1105/es1105page01.cfm?chapter_no=visu alization On line mineral key: http://geology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=geology&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsocam.org%2FMSA %2FK12%2Fproperties%2Fminid%2Fmineralid.html Volcanoes: http://www.volcano.si.edu/ Learning Experiences and content Resources and references 1. Structure of planet Earth and plate tectonics. Brainbops animation: Earth structure. Revise the following: Graphing exercise handout "Depth vs Temp" Cross-section of Earth (core, mantle, crust). Earth’s core: Convection currents in mantle causing movement of http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/29142-100plates. greatest-discoveries-the-core-of-the-earth-video.htm Continental drift. Mantle convection: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantleconvection.html Gondwana splits: http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2 .html Maps of continents over time: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm 2. Types of plate boundary Convergent, divergent and transformational (lateral movement). 3. N.Z on a plate boundary Focus on South Island. Label on map of N.Z. features associated with being on a plate boundary, including: Volcanoes: Taranaki, Gondwanaland cut and paste in folder. Animations: Convergent and divergent boundaries: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12652-our-restless-planetconvergent-and-divergent-plates-video.htm Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html Geology animations: http://duedall.fit.edu/wholeearth/geology_animations1.htm And: http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visu alizations/es1105/es1105page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization Landsat poster of N.Z on wall in R10 Atlases Map of N.Z to cut & paste. Learning Experiences and content Ruapehu, Ngaruhoe, Tongariro, L.Taupo, Tarawera, White Is Mountain ranges: Raukumara, Ruahine, Tararua ranges, Kaikoura ranges, Southern Alps. Geothermal: Hanmer Springs, Rotorua. Earthquakes: Napier (1931), Murchison (1930?), Edgecombe (198?), Dusky Sound (2009), Darfield (2010) When reviewing, look at Landsat poster and identify the plate boundary and relate various features to their to proximity to plate boundary. Resources and references 4. Slinky spring. Earthquakes Discuss mountain building at plate boundaries due to compression. Earthquakes often occur at where plates slide past one another e.g San Andreas, Wellington Fault lines = weakness in crust. Define focus vs epicentre Case study: Banda Aceh earthquake and resultant tsunami. 5. Rock types Define igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Describe how each is formed. Practical: Identifying rock types. Spread one set of rocks around the room. Use a simple key to identify as I, M or S. 6. Rock formation literacy Spend some time getting students to practise writing their own paragraphs on formation of the 3 types of rock using a keyword list. Read from New Directions text and close book. Write key words on board. Get students to write I, M and S beside each word. Construct paragraphs. 7. Weathering and ice How the Asian tsunami occurred: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4136289.stm Show video 98 ‘The day the world shook’ ND p250-255 Trays of rock samples of I, M & S Use I.D sheets in rock sample boxes Keywords: Heat, melt, magma, cool, solidify, crystals, pressure, layers, rock fragments, deposits, sediments, compacts, cements. Marbles, “Heating and Cooling” instruction sheet. Learning Experiences and content Mechanical(physical) & chemical weathering Practical: Freeze & Thaw. Heat marble in Bunsen then cool in ice cold water. Repeat. Should begin to crack, Practical: Put plastic drink bottle in a freezer without cap on to observe expansion of water when frozen. 8. Weathering literacy Show video clips on weathering and erosion. Students silently read the text in Nature of Science 2 on mechanical and chemical weathering. Split class in pairs, write one of the sentences beside bullet points in coloured pen, cut up sentence into individual words. Pairs rotate around room reassembling sentences. Write sentence in exercise book. 9. Rock cycle Process: Uplift/Eruptionmountainweatheringerosiontransp ortdeposition/sedimentationcompressionlithificatio n/rock formationsubductionmeltingeruption concept. Types of weathering – physical eg freeze/thaw, plant roots chemical e.g organic acids, acid rain. 10. Glaciation How glaciers form. Results of glaciation e.g. U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys, moraine etc 11. Rock stratification Using rock stratigraphic columns to work out geological history. 12. Mountains and weather Discuss orographic rainfall & draw diagram of how mountains cause rain on windward side and föhn wind on leeward side. 13. Quiz Resources and references Plastic bottles Weathering: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21683-weatheringvideo.htm A4 paper, scissors, coloured pens Nature of Science 2 textbook p196-7 ND p256-257 Rock cycle: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/search.php?terms=rock+cycle& media=video Bottle of water in freezer for next period. ND p262-263 ‘Norwester’ video ?. K:\2010 Science\Yr 11 Science\Earth Science\Newlands geology Learning Experiences and content 14. Assessment task (1 week) Internal assessment AS1.13 Brainstorm surface features that make the Wanaka area distinctive e.g lake, mountains, U-shaped valleys, moraine, hanging valleys, v-shaped valleys, scree, slopes, schist features, wet west, dry east. Resources and references tasks Computers