Download Convergent, divergent and transformational (lateral

DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF THE FORMATION OF SURFACE FEATURES IN NEW ZEALAND
Achievement Standard:
Science 1.13
6 weeks
ACHIEVEMENT OBJECTIVES: Planet Earth and Beyond
Earth Systems
 Investigate the external and internal processes that shape and change the surface features of New Zealand
Surface feature contexts:
 Alpine fault and other faults.
 Mountain ranges such as the Southern Alps.
 Glacial features and valleys.
TEXTS:
ESA revision Guide (ESA)
New Directions in Science (ND)
Literacy Focus:
Key words/terms: core, mantle, crust, tectonic plate, convection current, Gondwanaland, plate boundary, earthquake, fault,
seismometer, seismograph, Richter scale, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, weathering, erosion, transport, sediment,
deposition, compression, uplift, glacier, freeze & thaw.
Useful websites:
Gondwana splits: http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2.html
Maps of continents over time: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm
Savage earth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/index.html
Mantle convection: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html
Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html
Geology animations: http://duedall.fit.edu/wholeearth/geology_animations1.htm
Tsunami: http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/
Old Faithful webcam: http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/oldfaithfulcam.htm
How the Asian tsunami occurred: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4136289.stm
Pyroclastic flow video: http://www.maniacworld.com/erupting-volcano.htm
Best NZ Natural hazards and disasters: http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/en
Himalaya formation:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1105/es1105page01.cfm?chapter_no=visu
alization
On line mineral key:
http://geology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=geology&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsocam.org%2FMSA
%2FK12%2Fproperties%2Fminid%2Fmineralid.html
Volcanoes: http://www.volcano.si.edu/
Learning Experiences and content
Resources and references
1.
Structure of planet Earth and plate tectonics.
Brainbops animation: Earth structure.
 Revise the following:
Graphing exercise handout "Depth vs Temp"
 Cross-section of Earth (core, mantle, crust).
Earth’s core:
 Convection currents in mantle causing movement of
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/29142-100plates.
greatest-discoveries-the-core-of-the-earth-video.htm
 Continental drift.
Mantle convection: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantleconvection.html
Gondwana splits:
http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2
.html
Maps of continents over time:
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm
2.

Types of plate boundary
Convergent, divergent and transformational (lateral
movement).
3.


N.Z on a plate boundary
Focus on South Island.
Label on map of N.Z. features associated with being on
a plate boundary, including: Volcanoes: Taranaki,
Gondwanaland cut and paste in folder.
Animations:
Convergent and divergent boundaries:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12652-our-restless-planetconvergent-and-divergent-plates-video.htm
Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies:
http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html
Geology animations:
http://duedall.fit.edu/wholeearth/geology_animations1.htm
And:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visu
alizations/es1105/es1105page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
Landsat poster of N.Z on wall in R10
Atlases
Map of N.Z to cut & paste.
Learning Experiences and content
Ruapehu, Ngaruhoe, Tongariro, L.Taupo, Tarawera,
White Is Mountain ranges: Raukumara, Ruahine,
Tararua ranges, Kaikoura ranges, Southern Alps.
Geothermal: Hanmer Springs, Rotorua. Earthquakes:
Napier (1931), Murchison (1930?), Edgecombe (198?),
Dusky Sound (2009), Darfield (2010)
 When reviewing, look at Landsat poster and identify the
plate boundary and relate various features to their to
proximity to plate boundary.
Resources and references
4.

Slinky spring.
Earthquakes
Discuss mountain building at plate boundaries due to
compression.
 Earthquakes often occur at where plates slide past one
another e.g San Andreas, Wellington
 Fault lines = weakness in crust.
 Define focus vs epicentre
 Case study: Banda Aceh earthquake and resultant
tsunami.
5.
Rock types
 Define igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
 Describe how each is formed.
 Practical: Identifying rock types. Spread one set of
rocks around the room. Use a simple key to identify as
I, M or S.
6.
Rock formation literacy
 Spend some time getting students to practise writing
their own paragraphs on formation of the 3 types of rock
using a keyword list.
 Read from New Directions text and close book.
 Write key words on board. Get students to write I, M
and S beside each word.
 Construct paragraphs.
7.
Weathering and ice
How the Asian tsunami occurred:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4136289.stm
Show video 98 ‘The day the world shook’
ND p250-255
Trays of rock samples of I, M & S
Use I.D sheets in rock sample boxes
Keywords:
Heat, melt, magma, cool, solidify, crystals, pressure, layers, rock
fragments, deposits, sediments, compacts, cements.
Marbles, “Heating and Cooling” instruction sheet.
Learning Experiences and content
 Mechanical(physical) & chemical weathering
 Practical: Freeze & Thaw. Heat marble in Bunsen then
cool in ice cold water. Repeat. Should begin to crack,
 Practical: Put plastic drink bottle in a freezer without cap
on to observe expansion of water when frozen.
8.
Weathering literacy
 Show video clips on weathering and erosion.
 Students silently read the text in Nature of Science 2 on
mechanical and chemical weathering.
 Split class in pairs, write one of the sentences beside
bullet points in coloured pen, cut up sentence into
individual words.
 Pairs rotate around room reassembling sentences. Write
sentence in exercise book.
9.
Rock cycle
 Process:
Uplift/Eruptionmountainweatheringerosiontransp
ortdeposition/sedimentationcompressionlithificatio
n/rock formationsubductionmeltingeruption
concept.
 Types of weathering – physical eg freeze/thaw, plant
roots chemical e.g organic acids, acid rain.
10.
Glaciation
 How glaciers form.
 Results of glaciation e.g. U-shaped valleys, hanging
valleys, moraine etc
11.
Rock stratification
 Using rock stratigraphic columns to work out geological
history.
12.
Mountains and weather
 Discuss orographic rainfall & draw diagram of how
mountains cause rain on windward side and föhn wind
on leeward side.
13.
Quiz
Resources and references
Plastic bottles
Weathering:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21683-weatheringvideo.htm
A4 paper, scissors, coloured pens
Nature of Science 2 textbook p196-7
ND p256-257
Rock cycle:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/search.php?terms=rock+cycle&
media=video
Bottle of water in freezer for next period.
ND p262-263
‘Norwester’ video ?.
K:\2010 Science\Yr 11 Science\Earth Science\Newlands geology
Learning Experiences and content
14.
Assessment task (1 week)
 Internal assessment AS1.13
 Brainstorm surface features that make the Wanaka area
distinctive e.g lake, mountains, U-shaped valleys,
moraine, hanging valleys, v-shaped valleys, scree,
slopes, schist features, wet west, dry east.
Resources and references
tasks
Computers