Download Notes: Characteristics of RNA

Characteristics of RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Characteristics
• A single stranded nucleic acid composed
of smaller subunits called nucleotides
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Characteristics
• A single stranded nucleic acid composed
of smaller subunits called nucleotides
• The base uracil (U) substitutes for thymine
(T) in RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Characteristics
• A single stranded nucleic acid composed
of smaller subunits called nucleotides
• The base uracil (U) substitutes for thymine
(T) in RNA
• RNA contains the sugar ribose
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Characteristics
• A single stranded nucleic acid composed
of smaller subunits called nucleotides
• The base uracil (U) substitutes for thymine
(T) in RNA
• RNA contains the sugar ribose
• There are many types of RNA: mRNA,
rRNA, tRNA, shRNA, RNAi
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There are four nucleotides
found in RNA
•
PURINES
•
PYRIMIDINES
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A single stranded
nucleic acid that is a
copy of the
information coded in
DNA; it is the
instructions to make
a protein
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Small aggregates
of RNA that make
up ribosomes
Remember,
ribosomes make
proteins
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
Short strands of RNA
that are used to transport
amino acids from the
cytoplasm to the
ribosome for protein
production
Each piece of RNA has a
nucleotide sequence
called an anticodon
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Ribose
Nucleic Acids are named for the
sugar they contain.
Ribonucleic acid contains ribose
sugar
Deoxyribonucleic acid contains
deoxyribose sugar
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Transcription
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Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
(Transcription occurs in the nucleus)
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Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
(Transcription occurs in the nucleus)
1. DNA double helix unzips
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Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
(Transcription occurs in the nucleus)
1. DNA double helix unzips
2. RNA polymerase begins to assemble the
corresponding bases to make the single
stranded mRNA
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Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
(Transcription occurs in the nucleus)
1. DNA double helix unzips
2. RNA polymerase begins to assemble the
corresponding bases to make the single
stranded mRNA
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It
3. The newly made mRNA releases from the
DNA and awaits processing
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Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
(Transcription occurs in the nucleus)
1. DNA double helix unzips
2. RNA polymerase begins to assemble the
corresponding bases to make the single
stranded mRNA
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It
3. The newly made mRNA releases from the
DNA and awaits processing
4. The DNA zips back up (H bonds are
reformed)
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Protein Synthesis