Download Honors Biology Name Biochemistry Exam Review #1 Period _____

Honors Biology
Biochemistry Exam Review #1
Name ___________________________
Period _____ Date ________________
“__Organic__” molecules have carbon. – examples: CO2, C6H12O6
“__Inorganic__” molecules do not have carbon. – examples: NH4, NaCl, HCl, CHO4
Monomers are small parts that make up a large Polymers
Monomer + Monomer + Monomer = Polymer
Organic Molecule
Elements
Function
Monomer
Sketch
Test
Iodine – Starch
(polysaccharide)
Benedict’s Glucose
C, H, O in 1:2:1
ratio
provide energy for
organisms
monosaccharide
Lipid
C, H, O
insulation
protection
long term energy
makes up
membranes
fatty acids
See lipid in notes
Brown Paper Test
Protein
C, H, O, N
growth and repair
of tissues
amino acids
None
Biuret Test
Nucleic Acid
C, H, O, N, P
store and transmit
genetic information
nucleotides
Carbohydrate
None
Water is a universal solvent – it dissolves most molecules and ions. Water is a polar molecule, which means that the charges are
shared unevenly among atoms in the molecule.
pH is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution.
pH scale goes from 0-14
1-6 = Acid the lower the pH, the Stronger the acid.
Ex. 2 is a Stronger acid than 5
7 = NEUTRAL – based on pure Water
8-14 = Base (alkaline) – the higher the pH, the Stronger the base.
Ex. 14 is a Stronger base than 11
Enzymes are a special type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
Enzymes are biological catalysts.
The material an enzyme works on is called the substrates.
The pocket or groove where the substrate fits into on the enzyme is called the active site. (See diagram in enzyme notes for enzyme
structure)
Enzymes are named for the substrate that they work with. Names usually end in –ase (ex. Lactase, Helicase)
Enzymes can be denatured (a change in shape) by a change in temperature or a change in pH.
1. A molecule that is found on the surface of most cells
is responsible for communication between the cells.
This molecule is made up of long chains of amino acids
and is specific to each cell type. This molecule is a
A.
B.
C.
D.
lipid
carbohydrate
DNA strand
Protein
6. Which pH indicates a substance that is more basic
than a substance with a pH of 9?
a.
b.
c.
d.
7. Which of the following is a list of elements that make
up the structure of a carbohydrate?
2. Which statement best describes the function of a
lipid in a cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
storing and transmitting heredity
forming part of biological membranes
forming amino acid chains
storing phosphorus
3. Which of the following factors is most likely to
affect the function of an enzyme?
A.
B.
C.
D.
catalysts
size of beaker
proteins
temperature
4. Which of the following statements best describes a
function of an enzyme?
A. All enzymes work on all substrates.
B. Enzymes are specialized proteins that serve
as catalysts.
C. Enzymes are carbohydrate-based molecules
in all cells.
D. The structure of enzymes is changed during
a chemical reaction.
5. Which of the following substances would show a
positive brown paper test for lipids?
A.
B.
C.
D.
apples
bacon
crackers
water
6
2
8
12
a.
b.
c.
d.
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen
nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen
oxygen, carbon, phosphorus
8. Which of the following is a function of proteins?
a.
b.
c.
d.
storing energy
storing waste
growth and repair
breaking chemical bonds
9. Which of the following organic molecule tests is
correctly paired with its organic molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
proteins – brown paper
glucose – biuret
starch - iodine
lipid – benedicts
10. Which biomolecules store and transmit genetic
information?
a.
b.
c.
d.
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
11. Which of the following best describes the function
of carbohydrates?
a. They code for proteins.
b. They form biological membranes.
c. They provide a source of energy for an
organism.
d. They control reaction rates in a cell.