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What Is a Magnet? • There are several different types of a magnets, some are natural of others are man made • Magnets found in nature were first called load stones and were used as compass, many natural magnets are made up of iron, nickel, and cobalt • Magnets can also be man made by using electricity, these magnets are called electromagnets Parts of a Magnet • All magnets have two parts – North-seeking pole (north pole) – South-seeking pole (south pole) • Magnetism were first used as compasses because one end always moves to point north, while the other end moved to point south • Because every magnet has these two poles magnets are called DIPOLE (Di = two, poles=poles) • Even if a magnet is broken in two or more pieces each piece will have two poles How Magnets Work • Every magnets works by generating what is called a MAGNETIC FIELD. • This field is how a magnets created of magnetic force. When the field reaches an object made with iron, nickel, or cobalt it creates a magnetic force pulling the metal to the magnet. • If the field from the one pole of a magnetic meets with the field from an opposite pole of a magnet the poles attract. • If the field from the one pole of a magnetic meets with the field from a same pole of a magnet the poles repeal. • Opposites attract, likes repeal. What the Magnetic Field Looks Like? S N Two Poles means a Dipole, all magnets are dipoles The Field Between Two Poles S S N S N N What Makes a Magnetic Field? • Magnetic fields are made when charges (protons, electrons) move. • Magnetism means motion, charges have to move to create a magnetic field and force. What Makes a Magnetic Field Cont. • All materials are made up of atoms. • In these atoms electrons move around the nuclei of the atoms. – It is this motion that creates small magnetic fields. • Everything that is made up of atoms creates small magnetic fields. Making a Magnet Takes Organization. • Every atom makes Non-magnet it’s own magnetic field. • For non-magnets these fields points in Magnet all directions, canceling each other out so that there is not net field. • In magnets most of Magnetic Domains are these fields point in clusters of atoms the have their the same direction, magnetic field pointing in the same creating a strong net direction magnetic field. Electrical Currents and Magnetic Fields • Magnetic fields are made when charges move. • Electrical current is the movement of charges. • Therefore magnetic fields are made by electrical current. – The more current you have, the stronger the magnetic field is. What the Field Looks Like for a Wire With Current. • The magnetic field wraps around a wire that has an electrical current moving through it If the wire is wrapped in many loops strong electromagnets can be made. Magnetic Forces on a Wire Magnetic force Magnetic Field Current The Right Hand Rule Fingers = field Palm = Force Thumb = current Memory trick: The field has many lines, like you have many fingers You get slapped (feel a force) which the palm of the hand If a person needs to go we use the thumb