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Yourwebbrowser(Safari7)isoutofdate.Formoresecurity,comfortand thebestexperienceonthissite: Updateyourbrowser Ignore Activityengage MAPPING OCEAN CURRENTS Howdoeswatermoveintheocean? OVERVIEW StudentsapplyinformationabouttheOceanConveyorBelttopredictthe movementofaspillofrubberducksintheocean. Forthecompleteactivitywithmediaresources,visit: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/mapping-ocean-currents/ DIRECTIO NS 1.Drawoceancurrentsonaworldmap. DisplaytheOceanConveyorBeltcartoonfromtheResourceCarousel.Explain tostudentsthatthisisadepictionofoceancurrentscalledtheOceanConveyor Belt.Theoceanconveyorbeltiscausedbydifferencesinwatertemperature andsalinity.Alsoknownasthermohalinecirculation,theconveyorbeltisa systeminwhichwatermovesbetweenthecolddepthsandwarmsurfacein oceansthroughouttheworld.HavestudentsdrawtheOceanConveyorBelton theWorldPhysicalMapMakerKit. 2.Markthelocationofa1992cargoshipspillofrubberducks. Havestudentsmark44N,178Eontheirmaps.Tellstudentsthatinthislocation, in1992,acargoshipfullofbathtoysspillednearly92,000rubberducksintothe PacificOcean.Theseduckstraveledthousandsofmilesonoceancurrents, providingnewinformationaboutthesecurrents.Forexample,thefirstgroupof 1of8 duckstomakelandfallwashedupontheshoresofAlaska. 3.ApplyOceanConveyorBeltinformationtopredictthemovementofrubber ducks. Asaclass,havestudentspredictwheretheduckstraveled,basedontheOcean ConveyorBelt.Havestudentsmarkthemapwithadifferentcolorwherethey thinktheduckswasheduponshore. 4.Testpredictionsbyreadingabouttheducks'actualpaths. HavestudentsreadaboutwheretheduckstraveledusingtheRubaDuck website,foundintheResourceCarousel.Havestudentsmarktheselocationson themap,usingadifferentcoloredmarkerthanusedtomarkpredictions.Ask: Howaccuratewereourclasspredictions?Explainthattherearemanyocean currentsinadditiontotheoceanconveyorbelt,andmanyoftheduckstraveled onthosesmallercurrents.ShowstudentstheOceanCurrentslayeronthe MapMakerInteractivetoseethepathsofthosesmallercurrents.Discusswhich smallercurrentsmighthaveinfluencedtheducks'travels. Tip LaminatetheindividualsheetsoftheMapMakerKitmapsoyoucanre-useitfor severalyears. ExtendingtheLearning UsingtheMapMakerInteractive,havestudentslookmorecloselyatthesmaller currentsthataffectedwheretheduckstraveled.Ask:Whatdifferencesdoyou noticeinthecurrents?Studentsshouldnoticethatcurrentsaredifferent temperatures.Someoceancurrentsarewarmandsomearecold,asindicated 2of8 bytheredandbluearrowsonthemap.Discusshowdifferencesinwater temperaturecreatemovementinthewater.Thistypeofmovementiscalled thermohalinecirculation.Warmwaterislessdensethancoldwater,meaning thatcoldwaterwillsinkbelowwarmwater.ShowtheOceanConveyorBelt cartoonfromtheResourceCarouselagainanddiscusshowdifferencesinwater temperaturerelatetotheOceanConveyorBelt. O BJECTIVES Subjects&Disciplines Geography PhysicalGeography Science Earthscience Oceanography LearningObjectives Studentswill: usecurrenteventstoexploretheoceanconveyorbelt TeachingApproach Learning-for-use TeachingMethods Brainstorming Cooperativelearning Discoverylearning Discussions 3of8 Research SkillsSummary Thisactivitytargetsthefollowingskills: CriticalThinkingSkills Analyzing Applying GeographicSkills AcquiringGeographicInformation AnalyzingGeographicInformation NationalStandards,Principles,and Practices N AT I O N A L G E O G RA P H Y S TA N DA RDS •Standard1: Howtousemapsandothergeographicrepresentations,geospatial technologies,andspatialthinkingtounderstandandcommunicateinformation •Standard3: Howtoanalyzethespatialorganizationofpeople,places,andenvironmentson Earth'ssurface •Standard4: Thephysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplaces O C E A N LI T E RA C Y E SS E N T I A L P RI N C I P LE S A N D F U N DA M E N TA L C O N C E P T S 4of8 •Principle1c: Throughouttheoceanthereisoneinterconnectedcirculationsystempowered bywind,tides,theforceoftheEarth’srotation(Corioliseffect),theSun,and waterdensitydifferences.Theshapeofoceanbasinsandadjacentlandmasses influencethepathofcirculation. PREPARATIO N WhatYou’llNeed M AT E RI A LS YO U P RO V I DE Markers RE Q U I RE D T E C H N O LO G Y InternetAccess:Required TechSetup:Printer Plug-Ins:Flash P H Y S I C A L S PA C E Classroom SETUP Wallorfloorspacelargeenoughtohangagiantmap G RO U P I N G Large-groupinstruction Small-groupinstruction O T H E R N O T E S 5of8 Printoutandassemblethemapasaclassoronyourownbeforeclass.Usethe assemblyvideoprovidedtohelpwiththisprocess.Ifyoudonothaveroomfor thelargemap,printseveraltabletopmapsforthestudentstouseinsmall groups. RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: W E BS I T E S NationalGeographicEducation:WorldPhysicalMapMakerKit RubaDuck:RubberDucksCircumnavigatetheGlobe RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: U N DE F I N E D MapMakerKits101 RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: M A P S NGMapMakerInteractive:OceanSurfaceCurrents—World RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: I M A G E S OceanConveyorBelt BACKGRO U ND & VO CABU L ARY BackgroundInformation Theoceanconveyorbeltiscausedbydifferencesinwatertemperatureand salinity.Alsoknownasthermohalinecirculation,theconveyorbeltisasystemin whichwatermovesbetweenthecolddepthsandwarmsurfaceinoceans throughouttheworld."Thermo"meanstemperatureand"haline"means salinity. PriorKnowledge [] 6of8 RecommendedPriorActivities None Vocabulary Term Partof Definition Speech cargo noun goodscarriedbyaship,plane,orothervehicle. circulation noun movinginacircularmotion. current noun ocean noun ocean conveyorbelt steady,predictableflowoffluidwithinalargerbodyof thatfluid. largebodyofsaltwaterthatcoversmostoftheEarth. systeminwhichwatermovesbetweenthecolddepths noun andwarmsurfaceinoceansthroughouttheworld.Also calledthermohalinecirculation. oceanographynoun studyoftheocean. predict toknowtheoutcomeofasituationinadvance. thermohaline circulation verb oceanconveyorbeltsysteminwhichwatermoves noun betweenthecolddepthsandwarmsurfaceinoceans throughouttheworld. ForFurtherExploration Websites NOAA:NationalOceanService—OceanFacts:Whatistheglobalocean conveyorbelt? FU NDER 7of8 ©1996–2017NationalGeographicSociety.Allrightsreserved. 8of8