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Name: ______________________ Matter and Periodic Table Study Guide 3. Each of more than 100 elements of matter has distinct properties and a distinct atomic structure. All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the elements. 3.a. The structure of an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Subatomic Particle Proton Neutron Electron Location Nucleus Nucleus Electron Cloud Charge + 0 - Size 1 1 1/2000 Draw and color code the protons, neutrons, and electron cloud of a modern model a Carbon-12 atom (p. 63). Label the nucleus. 6eColor Key Protons Neutrons Electron Cloud # of Protons 6 # of Neutrons 6 # of Electrons 6 How do electrons move? Electrons move rapidly in regions of space around the nucleus. 7.b. Each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the atomic number) and each isotope of an element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus. Unless otherwise indicated, round the atomic mass to the nearest full number. Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons Atom Lead 82 125 82 Phosphorous Nitrogen Oxygen Ne-21 Ne-22 15 7 8 10 10 16 7 8 11 12 15 7 8 10 10 Nitrogen and Oxygen are two different elements because they have a different number of protons in the nucleus. Ne-21 and Ne-22 are two different isotopes because they have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. 7.a. Identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and inert gases. 7.c. Substances can be classified based on their properties, including their melting temperatures, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity. What are all metalloids/semimetals touching in the periodic table? Darkened zig-zag line In which groups are noble/inert gases found? Group 18 (Group 8A) What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called? Families, Columns, Groups What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? Periods Elements that are in the same group have similar properties . Do metals or nonmetals have a higher melting temperature? Metals Do metals or nonmetals have a higher density? Metals Are metals or nonmetals harder? Metals Do metals or nonmetals have a higher thermal (heat) and electrical conductivity? Metals Element Symbol Element Name V Vanadium Xe Xenon Ge Germanium Y Yttrium Sb Antimony Se Selenium Ir Iridium What are semimetals/metalloids? Metal, Nonmetal, Semimetal, Inert Gas Metal Inert Gas Semimetal Metal Semimetal Nonmetal Metal What elements have similar properties? Nb, Ta, Db He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Rn C, Si, Sn, Pb Sc, Lu, Lr N, P, As, Bi O, S, Te, Po Co, Rh, Mt Semimetals/Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. 3.b. Compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and compounds have properties that are different from their constituent elements. 3.f. Use the periodic table to identify elements in simple compounds. Compound List the number of each type of atom making up the compound NH4 1 Nitrogen, 4 Hydrogen K3PO4 3 Potassium, 1 Phosphorus, 4 Oxygen C6H12O6 6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, 6 Oxygen What are compounds? Molecules made up of more than one element bonded together. 5.b. In chemical reactions the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are arranged, so their total mass stays the same. What does this law tell you about the mass of the What is the only thing you can change in a reactants compared to the mass of the products? chemical equation when you are balancing it? The total mass of the products equals the total Coefficients mass of the reactants. Balance the following equations using coefficients: 2 NaCl + 1 H2SO4 1 Na2SO4 + 2 HCl 2 H2 + 1 O2 2 H2O