Download Matter and the Periodic Table Study Guide Answer Key

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Matter and Periodic Table Study Guide
3. Each of more than 100 elements of matter has distinct properties and a distinct atomic
structure. All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the elements.
3.a. The structure of an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Subatomic Particle
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Location
Nucleus
Nucleus
Electron Cloud
Charge
+
0
-
Size
1
1
1/2000
Draw and color code the protons, neutrons, and electron cloud of a modern model a Carbon-12
atom (p. 63). Label the nucleus.
6eColor Key
Protons
Neutrons
Electron Cloud
# of Protons 6
# of Neutrons 6
# of Electrons 6
How do electrons move? Electrons move rapidly in regions of space around the nucleus.
7.b. Each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the atomic number) and
each isotope of an element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Unless otherwise indicated, round the atomic mass to the nearest full number.
Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons
Number of Electrons
Atom
Lead
82
125
82
Phosphorous
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Ne-21
Ne-22
15
7
8
10
10
16
7
8
11
12
15
7
8
10
10
Nitrogen and Oxygen are two different elements because they have a different number of
protons in the nucleus.
Ne-21 and Ne-22 are two different isotopes because they have a different number of neutrons
in the nucleus.
7.a. Identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and inert gases.
7.c. Substances can be classified based on their properties, including their melting
temperatures, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity.
What are all metalloids/semimetals touching in the periodic table? Darkened zig-zag line
In which groups are noble/inert gases found? Group 18 (Group 8A)
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called? Families, Columns, Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? Periods
Elements that are in the same group have similar properties .
Do metals or nonmetals have a higher melting temperature? Metals
Do metals or nonmetals have a higher density? Metals
Are metals or nonmetals harder? Metals
Do metals or nonmetals have a higher thermal (heat) and electrical conductivity? Metals
Element Symbol
Element Name
V
Vanadium
Xe
Xenon
Ge
Germanium
Y
Yttrium
Sb
Antimony
Se
Selenium
Ir
Iridium
What are semimetals/metalloids?
Metal, Nonmetal,
Semimetal, Inert Gas
Metal
Inert Gas
Semimetal
Metal
Semimetal
Nonmetal
Metal
What elements have
similar properties?
Nb, Ta, Db
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Rn
C, Si, Sn, Pb
Sc, Lu, Lr
N, P, As, Bi
O, S, Te, Po
Co, Rh, Mt
Semimetals/Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals.
3.b. Compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and compounds
have properties that are different from their constituent elements.
3.f. Use the periodic table to identify elements in simple compounds.
Compound
List the number of each type of atom making up the compound
NH4
1 Nitrogen, 4 Hydrogen
K3PO4
3 Potassium, 1 Phosphorus, 4 Oxygen
C6H12O6
6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, 6 Oxygen
What are compounds?
Molecules made up of more than one element bonded together.
5.b. In chemical reactions the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are
arranged, so their total mass stays the same.
What does this law tell you about the mass of the What is the only thing you can change in a
reactants compared to the mass of the products?
chemical equation when you are balancing
it?
The total mass of the products equals the total
Coefficients
mass of the reactants.
Balance the following equations using coefficients:
2 NaCl + 1 H2SO4  1 Na2SO4 + 2 HCl
2 H2 + 1 O2  2 H2O