Download Unit 1 Test Study Guide KEY

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Unit 1 Test Study Guide:
1.
State the Law of Conservation of Matter.
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
2. Draw a diagram that illustrates the Law of Conservation of Matter. Compare you drawing to
that of a friend.
3.
How can the Law of Conservation of Matter relate to a chemical reaction? Give an example.
In a chemical reaction, you will have the same number of atoms of each element on the reactant
side as you do on the product side of the equation.
4.
What is an atom?
The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.
5. Draw a Bohr diagram of Nitrogen.
6. What do we call the electrons found in the outermost shell of the atom?
Valence electrons
7.
What is the significance of these electrons?
The valence electrons are the ones that are instrumental in forming bonds with other elements.
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8.
Why does the atom have an overall neutral charge?
Because for every proton (positive charge) there is one electron (negative charge).
9. Name the three main parts of an atom, give their location, and their charge.
Proton – found in the nucleus of the atom – positive charge
Neutron – found in the nucleus of the atom – no charge (neutral)
Electron – found in the electron clouds outside the nucleus – negative charge
10. Compare elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Element: consists of only one kind of atom, cannot be broken down into a simpler type of
matter by either physical or chemical means, and can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or
molecules (e.g., nitrogen, N2) See diagram X.
Compound: consists of atoms of two or more different elements chemically bound together,
can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by
physical means),has properties that are different from its component elements, and always
contains the same ratio of its component atoms. See diagram Y.
Mixtures: consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds physically
intermingled, can be separated into its components by physical means, and retains many of the
properties of its components. See digram W.
11. All matter can be divided into two main categories. What are they?
Pure substances and mixtures
12. What are the columns of the periodic table of elements called?
Groups or families
13. What are the rows of the periodic table of elements called?
Periods
14. How are most of the elements of the periodic table classified?
Most of the elements of the periodic table are metals.
15. The modern periodic table is arranged based on what two factors?
The number of protons in an atom of an element and common chemical properties.
16. What do all elements in a group (family) all have in common?
The same number of valence electrons; similar chemical properties.
17. What does the atomic number of an element tell us?
The number of protons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, this will also be the number of
electrons in the atom.
18. What does the atomic mass of an element tell us?
The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a atom.
19. How can you determine the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass number.
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20. Approximately how many elements are on the table of elements? 118
21. Define physical properties of matter.
Physical properties are those properties that can be observed or measured without changing the
composition of matter.
22. Give 6 examples of physical properties of matter.
Color, shape, density, volume, mass, ductility, conductivity, odor, solubility, phase of matter
23. Define chemical properties of matter.
Chemical properties are properties that can be measured or observed only when matter
undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter. For example, the ability of
iron to rust can only be observed when iron actually rusts. When it does, it combines with
oxygen to become a different substance called iron oxide. Iron is very hard and silver in color,
whereas iron oxide is flakey and reddish brown.
24. Give 2 examples of chemical properties of matter.
reactivity and flammability.
25. Complete the phase change diagram:
Melting
Sublimation
Evaporation (boiling)
Freezing
Condensation
Deposition
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26. Draw and describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Use diagrams
and complete sentences.
In a solid, the particles can vibrate but they cannot move from one place to another.
In a liquid the force of attraction between the particles is weaker than it is in the
solid. It is still strong enough that the particles are held close to each other but they
are now free to move.
A gas takes up a lot more space (occupies a greater volume) than the boiling liquid it
came from. This is called expansion. In a gas, the particles move fast in random
directions. There is no force of attraction between the particles.
Plasmas have the highest energy of the states of matter. The energy not only
exceeds the attractive forces among molecules but also exceeds the attractive forces
that hold atoms together. As a result, molecules of plasma are broken down into
ions and free electrons.
Complete the diagram:
Condensation
Evaporation (boiling)
Freezing
Melting
Sublimation
Deposition