* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Verb Tense and Active and Passive Voice (G#4) Presentation
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chichewa tenses wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin conjugation wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Grammatical tense wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Verb Tense and Voice (Grammar #4) TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK (1) Complete prewriting, outline, and first draft of cause / effect essay, submit on MyHCC / Canvas and to a tutor, and bring a printout next Thursday; VERB TENSE AND VOICE (2) begin Grammar #4 (verb tenses and voice), due Thursday, Feb. 16, on Canvas; AND (LBCH, pp. 204-222 and 224-227) (3) review LBCH pp. 27-33 and 38-39 VERBS • Action verbs: show action (run, play, sit, stare, think, love) • Linking verbs: show existence; work like an equals sign (=) (am, is, are, was, were, seems, becomes, feels) • Helping verbs: go with a main verb (action or linking) to change the tense (am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, do, does, did) 1. The infinitive – to swim, to go, to run (the PRESENT tense plus “to,” a.k.a. the “plain form”) 2. The past tense – swam, went, ran 3. The present participle – (to be/am/is/are/was/ were) swimming, (am…) going, (am…) running (the “-ing” form) 4. The past participle – (have/has/had) swum, (have/has/had) gone, (have/has/had) run Infinitive Form An infinitive is a verb form that follows the word “to.” It may be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb—but never a verb! Noun To go often is his goal. Adjective Her willingness to study results in good grades. Adverb The piano is hard to play. A participle is a form of a verb that can be used as part of a verb, as an adjective, or as a noun. There are two kinds of participles: 1. Present participles end in -ing. 2. Past participles usually end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n. p. 209 1 Verb Tense and Voice (Grammar #4) Examples: Present Participle (-ing) REMEMBER: A PARTICIPLE needs a helping verb (am, was, had, etc.) to act as a verb. An “-ing” verb can NEVER stand alone as a verb! (Sometimes the past tense and past participle are the same form, so those words can stand alone.) John is hoping for a part in the school play. Joey will be playing the part of Captain Lewis. Cheating can get a student expelled. The singing children marched onto the stage. Examples: Past Participle (usually -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n) Beth and Mary have been chosen for the team. The boy appeared lost and frightened. Liz handled the fight at the bar like a pro because she had taught karate years ago. Biff had will have placed his first bet… Marty and Doc never had have had brought… https://youtu.be/kLnCcIFGjNk Each form combines with helping verbs to create different TENSES showing that things are happening at different times. helping verb + form of main verb = verb tense -- infinitive (minus “to”) present -- past past will infinitive (minus “to”) future (am, is, are, was, were) present participle ___ progressive (have/has/had) past participle ____ perfect English has twelve tenses. We will cover nine (pp. 217-218). HINT: A one-word verb means a oneword tense (present or past). 1. The dog runs. present 2. The dog ran. past s no s BUT “will” plus one word is future. 3. The dog will run. future 2 Verb Tense and Voice (Grammar #4) PRESENT tense Most verbs are REGULAR in the PRESENT tense. They add “-s” (or “-es”). Present tense – now/always: The boy uses Facebook. SINGULAR to eat The present tense uses the “plain” form of the verb, which is the infinitive form without the word “to.” It adds an “s” for third person singular. PLURAL 1ST PERSON I eat We eat 2ND PERSON You eat You eat 3RD PERSON He/she/it eats They eat Notice that the present-tense verb changes only for third-person singular (he, she, or it). LBCH pp. 208 and 217-218 In the PRESENT tense only a few verbs are IRREGULAR. They DO NOT just add “-s” (or “-es”). . SINGULAR PLURAL to be have 1ST PERSON I have am We are have 2ND PERSON You have are You are have RD 3 PERSON He/she/it is has They are have (Remember that the s no s rule applies only if the subject is third-person singular [he, she, or it].) Past tense – before now: The boy used YouTube yesterday. The past tense uses the past form of the verb. LBCH pp. 204-206 PAST tense Many verbs are also REGULAR in the PAST tense. They add “-ed.” to call 1ST PERSON 2ND PERSON 3RD PERSON SINGULAR I called PLURAL We called You called You called He/she/it called They called Notice that the past-tense verb is the same for first-, second-, and third-person singular and plural. LBCH pp. 208-209 and 217-218 However, many verbs are IRREGULAR in the PAST tense. They DO NOT add “-ed” but make the past tense in different ways. to teach fall 1ST PERSON 2ND PERSON 3RD PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL I taught fell taught You fell He/she/it fell taught We taught fell You taught fell taught They fell Still, the past-tense verb is the same for first-, second-, and third-person singular and plural. It’s just not “-ed.” LBCH pp. 204-206 3 Verb Tense and Voice (Grammar #4) PROGRESSIVE tenses tell of events that p. 217 continue over time. Present progressive tense – Future tense – has not happened yet: The boy will use Twitter tomorrow. The boy shall use Twitter tomorrow. The future tense uses “will” or “shall” before the plain form of the verb (the infinitive without “to”). now and continuing into the future: The boy is using Facebook every day. Past progressive tense – started in past and continued for some time but not into the present: The boy was using his computer too much. start in future and continue Future progressive tense – will for some time: The boy will be using the computer much less often when his parents see his grades! PROGRESSIVE tenses = “to be” + PRESENT PARTICIPLE (-ing) The helping verb (was/were, is/am/are, will be) determines past, present, or future progressive. PERFECT tenses tell of events that happen before something else happens. Present perfect tense – started in the past and continues now: The boy has used Twitter for years. The dog is howling at a cat. He was chewing the furniture last night. He will be going to live on a farm if he doesn’t improve his behavior! p. 217 Past perfect tense – started and ended before something else in the past: The boy had used Facebook before Twitter existed. Future perfect tense – will happen between now and the time that something else starts in the future: The boy will have used many sites before he will finish his homework. p. 217 Faulty Tense Shift PERFECT tenses = “to have” + PAST PARTICIPLE The helping verb (had, has/have, will have) determines past, present, or future perfect. The dog has had fleas for five years. He had gone to college before he started his business. I will have gone to school for four months before we get a vacation. p. 217 Formal college essays in many subjects are written in present tense. Use other tenses only when things happen at different times. If things are happening at the same time, do not change tense! This is called a “faulty tense shift.” To avoid faulty tense shifts, take a second look at the verbs throughout your essays. Do they have helping verbs? Generally, none of them should unless they tell of something that is happening at a different time. pp. 219-220 4 Verb Tense and Voice (Grammar #4) Avoid Nonstandard Verb Forms Participles Helping verbs like “have/has/had” or “am/is/ are/was/were” have to pair with participles. Most participles end in “-ing” or “-ed.” In other words, a helping verb is (almost) never followed by a present-tense form. Example: The instructions had confused the students. Also, only participles can be used as adjectives. Present-tense verbs cannot. Example: The overworked students seemed tired. pp. 208-211 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES would have (would’ve) I would of liked to get burgers for dinner. should have (should’ve) I shoulda let you go. could have (could’ve) I could of had a V-8! used to He use to make bad grades before he got tutoring. supposed to I am suppose to take ENC 1102 in the summer. HINT: Words like “would” and “should” are helping verbs, so they need to be followed by another verb. “Of” is a preposition, not a verb. Active and Passive Voices active voice = subject performs the action: • Jerry beat the eggs with a fork. (LBCH pp. 224-227) passive voice = subject receives the action: • The eggs were beaten with a fork by Jerry. Active and Passive Voices Active and Passive Voices Use the passive voice ONLY when: HINT: The passive voice often uses the preposition “by.” • The eggs were beaten with a fork by Jerry. a. you don’t know who did the action b. you don’t want to point a finger at the culprit 1. 2. President Kennedy was shot in Dallas today. The toilet seat was left up. 5 Verb Tense and Voice (Grammar #4) How might you improve the following sentence? HINT: Simplify! How might you improve the following sentence? HINT: Simplify! The disk drive of the Better: Best: computer was surge The Theelectrical electrical surge damaged by the disk damaged thethe electrical surge. drive of the computer's disk computer. drive. The Better: Best: decision that was Thereached committee by the reached decided committee to the was decision postpone to postpone to the the postpone vote. vote. the vote. Purdue University Writing Lab Purdue University Writing Lab Grammar #4: Verb Tense and Voice Complete the entire exercise on Canvas before the deadline. Part I: Start the paragraph in PAST TENSE. Change tense only when something happens at a different time. At my grandparents’ house one morning, I [wake] up before anyone else and quietly [grabbed] the fishing pole and [head] for the pond. Part II: Indicate if the sentence is in ACTIVE or PASSIVE voice. HINT: Find the verb, and then ask yourself, “Who or what is doing the _______ing (the action of the verb)?” 1. Researchers earlier showed that high stress can cause heart attacks. A. active B. passive 2. The prom king and queen were chosen by A. active B. passive secret ballot. 3. The names of the contest winners were posted outside the cafeteria last week. A. active BRING ONE PRINTOUT OF THE FIRST DRAFT OF YOUR CAUSE / EFFECT ESSAY TO OUR NEXT CLASS FOR SMALLGROUP DISCUSSIONS! B. passive 6